Understanding Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)

Last updated | September 25, 2026 | 9 min read

How to proactively seek out and remediate misconfiguration and compliance issues in your cloud environments

Cloud security posture management (CSPM) is a proactive way to seek out and fix misconfigurations within your cloud environment. It’s an important element of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy for your modern attack surface. Why? Because traditional, legacy approaches for on-prem infrastructure generally don’t function well in cloud environments. CSPM can help your organization discover cloud-based security issues, for example, misconfigurations, drift or other security and compliance risks.

With cloud security posture management, your cloud security teams can monitor and report on security and compliance issues across your multi-cloud environment. CSPM is also a great way to include continuous cloud security monitoring capabilities into your production environment, helping your teams uncover security issues within your cloud infrastructure so they can fix them before deployment. And then, once deployed, you can use CSPM to automatically uncover any cloud infrastructure policy violations for remediation.

In this knowledgebase, learn more about what cloud security posture management is and how, combined with risk-based vulnerability management principles, you can automate cloud-based threat detection and prioritize remediation of risks within your cloud environments.

Take your cloud security posture to the next level

Stop piecemealing your cybersecurity program together with disparate tools that return too much data with little or no context. Tenable One Cloud Exposure gives you a unified, single view of your cloud attack surface so you can proactively address risks across all of your environments.

Unified cloud security posture management

Modern organizations operate across highly complex, distributed environments. As the attack surface expands and applications quickly spin up and down in the cloud, it can be increasingly difficult to get a handle on all of the risks across your threat landscape. These issues are further complicated by the lingering impact of disparate resources and tools designed to help secure your environments but instead return data that’s hard to digest and apply to your real-world work environments. 

If these issues weren’t difficult enough to overcome, with a shortage of cybersecurity professionals around the globe, many teams struggle to get the right people in the right positions to ensure they’re on top of emerging risks and new vulnerabilities. 

But, getting comprehensive insight across your entire attack surface — even multi-cloud environments — doesn’t have to overwhelm your teams. By implementing unified cloud security posture management, your security professionals can more effectively get visibility into all of your cloud assets, reduce risk, improve compliance and proactively remediate misconfigurations and other security issues. 

In this CSPM data sheet, learn more about how you can: 

  • Speed up cloud adoption and meet compliance requirements 
  • Unify cloud security across your vulnerability management teams, cloud security architects and engineers, and developers and DevOps engineers 
  • Automate drift detection and orchestrate remediation 
  • Build cloud-security best practices into your DevSecOps workflows

Cloud security posture management insights

Vulnerability management from cloud to code: Your guide to modern CSPMs

As your cloud environments become more complex and dynamic, it can be difficult to get visibility into all of the vulnerabilities, misconfigurations and other security issues. Many teams also get bogged down in reactive security measures, stuck in a loop of addressing exposures after deployment, instead of proactively seeking those out while still in development.

So, how do you get complete and continuous visibility into all of your assets, including those in the cloud, so you can seek out and remediate issues before attackers take advantage of them? This is where CSPM plays an important role in your exposure management strategy. By employing CSPM, your teams can effectively extend vulnerability management from code to the cloud.

This white paper explores how you can fully secure your cloud environments, find and fix software flaws and discover and remediate identity compromises and misconfiguration issues across your software development lifecycle — and down your supply chain.

Read on to learn more about:

  • How to secure infrastructure as code (IaC)
  • How to remediate in IaC
  • What to look for in a CSPM solution

Seven steps to harden cloud security posture

Cloud breaches are continuing to increase, even as organizations make more investments in cybersecurity tools such as threat detection and incident response. Almost half of breaches today are cloud-based, highlighting poor cloud cyber hygiene practices that open doors to cyberattacks.

Misconfigurations, unpatched vulnerabilities and outdated systems in the cloud are often overlooked or undetected — everything from open ports and unencrypted data to malware and permissions and authentication issues. On top of that, most security teams are already struggling to keep up with the vast amount of security alerts they get and attackers are eager to exploit any attack vector they can find.

In this white paper, learn more about:

  • High-profile breaches and what you can learn from them
  • How to prevent cloud breaches
  • How to assess, prioritize and remediate cloud risks
  • Benefits of cloud security frameworks

Tenable Connect community: Your go-to resource for cloud security posture management

If you have questions about CSPM, Tenable Connect is a great place to connect with others who have similar interests and want to learn more about building effective cloud security programs and how to mature existing cloud security measures.

 

Frequently asked questions about CSPM

Are you new to cloud security posture management? Do you have questions about CSPM but not sure where to start?
Check out some of these commonly asked questions to learn more.

What is cloud security?

Cloud security encompasses the processes, tools, resources and policies designed to protect your cloud infrastructure including data, systems, applications and resources stored in the cloud. As part of your overall cybersecurity program, a cloud security strategy can enable your teams to continually assess all of the assets within your cloud environments, and discover and remediate vulnerabilities, misconfigurations and other security issues.

What is cloud security posture management (CSPM)?

Cloud security posture management (CSPM) consists of the tools and resources used to seek out cloud-based security issues such as misconfigurations or other compliance or cyber risks. CSPMs alert security teams about security or compliance issues within a cloud environment. Integrating a CSPM into your cloud security program can help you proactively seek out and fix these security issues. A CSPM can also give you continuous monitoring capabilities across your entire production environment so you can identify cloud-native application issues and address them before deployment. If issues arise post-deployment, a CSPM can also help you automatically discover those security issues and help you remediate them, so you’re always approaching your cloud security from a proactive standpoint.

Why is cloud security posture management important?

CSPM is important because it enables your teams to discover vulnerabilities, misconfigurations and other security issues within your cloud environment. By incorporating cloud security posture management into your software development lifecycle, your teams will be empowered to seek out and fix security issues throughout the development process and before deployment. CSPM also supports continuous monitoring of any changes once in runtime.

What are some key CSPM capabilities?

There are several key CSPM capabilities you should look for in a solution: multi-cloud compliance reporting, single policy engine, monitoring infrastructure configurations in runtime, and security testing and remediation for IaC.

What are some CSPM benefits?

There are many CSPM benefits. For example, a CSPM integrates cloud security into your application development lifecycle, enabling teams to identify cloud security issues such as misconfigurations and then remediate them before production. It also enables continuous monitoring of any potential changes that vary from IaC as a source of truth once an application reaches deployment.

What’s the role of automation in cloud security posture management?

Automation has an important role in cloud security posture management. It enables teams to identify cloud security and compliance risks to remediate them quickly and effectively throughout your cloud environments. You can also automate alerts to your security team for additional follow-up or attention.

What is a cloud security misconfiguration?

A cloud security misconfiguration is a vulnerability that threat actors could use to exploit weaknesses within your cloud environment. Some examples of cloud security misconfigurations include using default security settings in application deployment, allowing testing configurations to move into production, using default credentials, not updating or patching applications and not implementing appropriate user access management.

What is policy as code?

Policy as code (PaC) detects and enforces policy compliance at runtime to maintain a consistent security posture. By integrating PaC into your cloud infrastructure provisioning, your teams can detect potential threats and resolve them early. It can also help ensure compliance with regulatory and organizational requirements.

What is infrastructure as code (IaC)?

Infrastructure as a code (IaC) manages and provisions cloud infrastructure through code, generally within configuration files. Tenable One can scan infrastructure as code to uncover security issues, such as vulnerabilities, flaws, policy violations or misconfigurations during development. It facilitates a proactive approach to cloud security, enabling teams to discover security issues and remediate them before reaching an active working environment. It’s an important part of DevOps, security and compliance.

What is runtime?

Runtime is part of your software development lifecycle, when a new cloud application runs with everything needed for execution. It’s part of programming language and includes external instructions. It’s where all of the hardware and software needed to run an application are configured properly from application code for effective execution.

What is security as code (SaC)?

Security as code (SaC) enables developers to programmatically conduct threat modeling to understand which vulnerabilities create a breach path through an exposed component based on topology and resource relationships. It can improve cloud security by helping your teams identify advanced threats and prioritize security efforts through the lens of breach paths, kill chains or blast radius.

What is remediation as code (RaC)?

Remediation as code (RaC) identifies security issues within your IaC and then generates a pull request with a code to resolve the security issue. The remediation code reduces time to address security issues and increases the number issues your teams can fix.

What is drift as code (DaC)?

Drift as code (DaC) creates a secure baseline using IaC during development. It detects infrastructure resources and configurations in runtime that deviate from your IaC and can also facilitate an IaC update to reflect compliant changes. DaC can eliminate the chance an IaC deployment will revert changes made in runtime and reduce friction in deployment.

What is a cloud workload protection platform (CWPP)?

A cloud workload protection program (CWPP) helps secure and manage cloud environment workloads. CWPP looks at cloud security from a workload perspective instead of an endpoint. CWPPs can be used to protect your cloud environment from cyberattacks, even within multiple cloud environments. A cloud workload protection program provides visibility into the cloud so your teams can effectively identify cloud security issues and prioritize remediation. CWPP supports continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) for cloud workloads, such as servers, virtual machines, containers and serverless workloads.

What is a cloud access security broker (CASB)?

A cloud security access broker (CASB) is a cloud security gateway that represents enforcement points between a cloud services environment and customers. Organizations generally use a CASB to enforce security policies and can be cloud-hosted or on-prem.

What is a cloud-native application protection program (CNAPP)?

A cloud-native application protection platform (CNAPP) is cloud security architecture that protects cloud applications from development through production. It enables security teams to discover, assess, prioritize and remediate security risks for cloud infrastructure, cloud-native apps and configuration.

How are CSPM and CNAPP related?

Cloud security posture management (CSPM) and cloud-native application protection programs (CNAPPs) are related but different. CSPM focuses on finding and fixing security issues across your cloud infrastructure, while a CNAPP uses CSPM capabilities to help protect cloud-native applications from development through runtime.

What is SaaS security posture management (SSPM)?

SaaS security posture management (SSPM) enables continuous monitoring of SaaS applications to discover vulnerabilities, flaws, misconfigurations and other security issues.

What’s the difference between CSPM and SSPM?

CSPM and SSPM share some commonalities, but are different. In simple terms, CSPM approaches security taking into account your entire cloud infrastructure, whereas SSPM focuses specifically on SaaS apps.

What is a CNSP?

A CNSP is a cloud-native security platform. It generally includes cloud security posture management, cloud service network security and a cloud workload protection platform.

How to choose a modern CSPM tool to reduce your cloud infrastructure risk

As more organizations embrace the cloud, especially with the growing number that moved to remote teams during the pandemic, security and compliance teams are trying to keep up with managing cloud risks. Cloud security posture management is a tool that can help. With automated detection, teams can ramp up their abilities to detect and fix cloud security and compliance issues, especially for those developed and deployed in the cloud.

While CSPM initially focused on finding and fixing exposures in runtime, along with monitoring for drift, it’s becoming increasingly necessary to shift left to give much-needed attention to security throughout the entire software development lifecycle — from code to cloud.

But, with many CSPM solutions on the market, how do you know which is best for your organization?

First, look for a cloud security solution that enables your teams to do four key things:

 

Want more information about what to look for in a CSPM solution and how to discover which CSPM is best for your organization? Check out our guide, "Vulnerability Management from Cloud to Code: Your Guide to Modern CSPMs."

Continuous security posture and risk management of infrastructure-as-code

For most cloud-native applications, a traditional approach to cloud security focuses on discovering infrastructure-related vulnerabilities such as policy violations and cloud-resource misconfigurations after deployment. Yet, doing so inherently introduces unnecessary cyber risks into your cloud environment. Once these issues happen in runtime, there is an increased chance an attacker could exploit them.

The alternative and much-more proactive solution is to seek out and resolve these security issues early in the software development lifecycle and then continuously monitor after deployment.

So, how do you do this? It begins with integrating cloud security from an infrastructure as code perspective so you can more effectively see and address your risks from coding and integration and from delivery through deployment.

With Tenable One Cloud Exposure, for example, you can detect and remediate security risks even before provisioning your public cloud infrastructure for cloud-native applications. From there, it can also help prevent vulnerabilities or other security issues from occurring in IaC. Then, after development, you can use it to detect any changes to your cloud environment, and then update source code so application updates don’t create new vulnerabilities.

Proactively address and manage your cloud security risks

Tenable One Cloud Exposure will empower your cloud security teams with a unified view of all of your cloud assets and their related vulnerabilities so you can understand where you’re exposed to cloud risks, anticipate the attack consequences and then effectively remediate issues and communicate risks across your organization for better decision-making.

Cloud security posture management blog bytes

Unified cloud security posture and vulnerability management

As cloud environments become more dynamic and complex, security teams face challenges with knowing what all their cloud assets are, who’s using them, and how they’re being used. Without this insight, it’s hard to know which vulnerabilities and security weaknesses need your attention. And, if your teams are manually tracking these assets, it’s nearly impossible to keep an accurate inventory. If you don’t know what you have, especially in the cloud, how can you secure it?

Tenable One Cloud Exposure enables your organization to embrace and accelerate cloud adoption strategies with confidence you’re meeting cloud security and compliance requirements. It creates a unified view of your attack surface, enabling automated cloud vulnerability management.

Here are a few benefits of Tenable One Cloud Exposure:

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