In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update syzkaller found a path where ext4_xattr_inode_update_ref() reads an EA inode refcount that is already <= 0 and then applies ref_change (often -1). That lets the refcount underflow and we proceed with a bogus value, triggering errors like: EXT4-fs error: EA inode <n> ref underflow: ref_count=-1 ref_change=-1 EXT4-fs warning: ea_inode dec ref err=-117 Make the invariant explicit: if the current refcount is non-positive, treat this as on-disk corruption, emit ext4_error_inode(), and fail the operation with -EFSCORRUPTED instead of updating the refcount. Delete the WARN_ONCE() as negative refcounts are now impossible; keep error reporting in ext4_error_inode(). This prevents the underflow and the follow-on orphan/cleanup churn.

The remote Oracle Linux 8 / 9 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ELSA-2025-28048 advisory.

    - netfilter: nf_tables: reject duplicate device on updates (Pablo Neira Ayuso)  [Orabug: 38744086]     {CVE-2025-38678}
    - PCI: rcar: Demote WARN() to dev_warn_ratelimited() in rcar_pcie_wakeup() (Marek Vasut) [Orabug:
    38641258] {CVE-2024-43876}
    - usb: gadget: f_acm: Refactor bind path to use __free() (Kuen-Han Tsai) [Orabug: 38601854]     {CVE-2025-40094}
    - usb: gadget: f_ncm: Refactor bind path to use __free() (Kuen-Han Tsai) [Orabug: 38601837]     {CVE-2025-40092}
    - NFSD: Define a proc_layoutcommit for the FlexFiles layout type (Chuck Lever) [Orabug: 38601818]     {CVE-2025-40087}
    - vfs: Don't leak disconnected dentries on umount (Jan Kara) [Orabug: 38601923] {CVE-2025-40105}
    - ALSA: usb-audio: Fix NULL pointer deference in try_to_register_card (Jiaming Zhang) [Orabug: 38597093]     {CVE-2025-40085}
    - net/ip6_tunnel: Prevent perpetual tunnel growth (Dmitry Safonov) [Orabug: 38649259] {CVE-2025-40173}
    - ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination (Deepanshu Kartikey) [Orabug: 38649222]     {CVE-2025-40167}
    - media: pci: ivtv: Add check for DMA map result (Mikhail Kobuk) [Orabug: 38641260] {CVE-2024-43877}
    - pid: Add a judgment for ns null in pid_nr_ns (Gaoxiang17) [Orabug: 38649275] {CVE-2025-40178}
    - dm: fix NULL pointer dereference in __dm_suspend() (Zheng Qixing) [Orabug: 38649056] {CVE-2025-40134}
    - tracing: Fix race condition in kprobe initialization causing NULL pointer dereference (Yuan Chen)     [Orabug: 38592032] {CVE-2025-40042}
    - net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock (Oleksij Rempel) [Orabug: 38649002]     {CVE-2025-40120}
    - media: mc: Clear minor number before put device (Edward Adam Davis) [Orabug: 38649397] {CVE-2025-40197}
    - Squashfs: reject negative file sizes in squashfs_read_inode() (Phillip Lougher) [Orabug: 38649424]     {CVE-2025-40200}
    - KVM: x86: Don't (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O (Sean Christopherson) [Orabug:
    38591958] {CVE-2025-40026}
    - ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update (Ahmet Eray Karadag) [Orabug: 38649329]     {CVE-2025-40190}
    - ext4: verify orphan file size is not too big (Jan Kara) [Orabug: 38649284] {CVE-2025-40179}
    - sctp: Fix MAC comparison to be constant-time (Eric Biggers) [Orabug: 38649450] {CVE-2025-40204}
    - cpufreq: intel_pstate: Fix object lifecycle issue in update_qos_request() (Rafael J. Wysocki) [Orabug:
    38649365] {CVE-2025-40194}
    - btrfs: avoid potential out-of-bounds in btrfs_encode_fh() (Anderson Nascimento) [Orabug: 38649461]     {CVE-2025-40205}
    - crypto: essiv - Check ssize for decryption and in-place encryption (Herbert Xu) [Orabug: 38581454]     {CVE-2025-40019}
    - bpf: Fix metadata_dst leak __bpf_redirect_neigh_v{4,6} (Daniel Borkmann) [Orabug: 38649299]     {CVE-2025-40183}
    - tcp: Don't call reqsk_fastopen_remove() in tcp_conn_request(). (Kuniyuki Iwashima) [Orabug: 38649578]     {CVE-2025-40186}
    - net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce() (Alexandr Sapozhnikov)     [Orabug: 38649311] {CVE-2025-40187}
    - drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation (Ian Forbes) [Orabug: 38643545] {CVE-2025-40111}
    - scsi: mvsas: Fix use-after-free bugs in mvs_work_queue (Duoming Zhou) [Orabug: 38557653]     {CVE-2025-40001}
    - pinctrl: check the return value of pinmux_ops::get_function_name() (Bartosz Golaszewski) [Orabug:
    38591980] {CVE-2025-40030}
    - Input: uinput - zero-initialize uinput_ff_upload_compat to avoid info leak (Zhen Ni) [Orabug: 38592000]     {CVE-2025-40035}
    - mm: hugetlb: avoid soft lockup when mprotect to large memory area (Yang Shi) [Orabug: 38649149]     {CVE-2025-40153}
    - fs: udf: fix OOB read in lengthAllocDescs handling (Larshin Sergey) [Orabug: 38592047] {CVE-2025-40044}
    - uio_hv_generic: Let userspace take care of interrupt mask (Naman Jain) [Orabug: 38592066]     {CVE-2025-40048}
    - Squashfs: fix uninit-value in squashfs_get_parent (Phillip Lougher) [Orabug: 38592076] {CVE-2025-40049}
    - net: dlink: handle copy_thresh allocation failure (Moon Yeounsu) [Orabug: 38592097] {CVE-2025-40053}
    - ocfs2: fix double free in user_cluster_connect() (Dan Carpenter) [Orabug: 38592109] {CVE-2025-40055}
    - net: usb: Remove disruptive netif_wake_queue in rtl8150_set_multicast (I Viswanath) [Orabug: 38649095]     {CVE-2025-40140}
    - scsi: mpt3sas: Fix crash in transport port remove by using ioc_info() (Ranjan Kumar) [Orabug: 38648980]     {CVE-2025-40115}
    - ipvs: Defer ip_vs_ftp unregister during netns cleanup (Slavin Liu) [Orabug: 38581444] {CVE-2025-40018}
    - ASoC: Intel: bytcr_rt5651: Fix invalid quirk input mapping (Takashi Iwai) [Orabug: 38649006]     {CVE-2025-40121}
    - ASoC: Intel: bytcr_rt5640: Fix invalid quirk input mapping (Takashi Iwai) [Orabug: 38649156]     {CVE-2025-40154}
    - pps: fix warning in pps_register_cdev when register device fail (Wang Liang) [Orabug: 38592169]     {CVE-2025-40070}
    - scsi: pm80xx: Fix array-index-out-of-of-bounds on rmmod (Niklas Cassel) [Orabug: 38649566]     {CVE-2025-40118}
    - bpf: Explicitly check accesses to bpf_sock_addr (Paul Chaignon) [Orabug: 38592204] {CVE-2025-40078}
    - nvmet-fc: move lsop put work to nvmet_fc_ls_req_op (Daniel Wagner) [Orabug: 38649248] {CVE-2025-40171}
    - blk-mq: check kobject state_in_sysfs before deleting in blk_mq_unregister_hctx (Li Nan) [Orabug:
    38649025] {CVE-2025-40125}
    - perf: arm_spe: Prevent overflow in PERF_IDX2OFF() (Leo Yan) [Orabug: 38592220] {CVE-2025-40081}
    - net/9p: fix double req put in p9_fd_cancelled (Nalivayko Sergey) [Orabug: 38591964] {CVE-2025-40027}
    - crypto: rng - Ensure set_ent is always present (Herbert Xu) [Orabug: 38643530] {CVE-2025-40109}
    - media: tuner: xc5000: Fix use-after-free in xc5000_release (Duoming Zhou) [Orabug: 38548036]     {CVE-2025-39994}
    - udp: Fix memory accounting leak. (Kuniyuki Iwashima) [Orabug: 37844324] {CVE-2025-22058}
    - media: rc: fix races with imon_disconnect() (Larshin Sergey) [Orabug: 38548026] {CVE-2025-39993}
    - media: b2c2: Fix use-after-free causing by irq_check_work in flexcop_pci_remove (Duoming Zhou) [Orabug:
    38548050] {CVE-2025-39996}
    - scsi: target: target_core_configfs: Add length check to avoid buffer overflow (Wang Haoran) [Orabug:
    38548058] {CVE-2025-39998}
    - i40e: add validation for ring_len param (Lukasz Czapnik) [Orabug: 38547951,38603025,38607608]     {CVE-2025-39973}
    - i40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg (Lukasz Czapnik) [Orabug: 38547937] {CVE-2025-39971}
    - i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources (Lukasz Czapnik) [Orabug: 38547928] {CVE-2025-39969}
    - mm/hugetlb: fix folio is still mapped when deleted (Tu Jinjiang) [Orabug: 38560480] {CVE-2025-40006}
    - fbcon: fix integer overflow in fbcon_do_set_font (Samasth Norway Ananda) [Orabug: 38547912]     {CVE-2025-39967}
    - tracing: dynevent: Add a missing lockdown check on dynevent (Masami Hiramatsu) [Orabug: 38581470]     {CVE-2025-40021}
    - i40e: add max boundary check for VF filters (Lukasz Czapnik) [Orabug: 38547922] {CVE-2025-39968}
    - i40e: fix input validation logic for action_meta (Lukasz Czapnik) [Orabug: 38547932] {CVE-2025-39970}
    - i40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map (Lukasz Czapnik) [Orabug: 38547945] {CVE-2025-39972}
    - crypto: af_alg - Fix incorrect boolean values in af_alg_ctx (Eric Biggers) [Orabug: 38641289]     {CVE-2025-40022}
    - crypto: af_alg - Disallow concurrent writes in af_alg_sendmsg (Herbert Xu) [Orabug:
    38537468,38575792,38575804] {CVE-2025-39964}
    - drm/gma500: Fix null dereference in hdmi teardown (Zabelin Nikita) [Orabug: 38560495] {CVE-2025-40011}
    - nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group (Ido Schimmel) [Orabug: 38547971]     {CVE-2025-39980}
    - can: peak_usb: fix shift-out-of-bounds issue (Stephane Grosjean) [Orabug: 38581461] {CVE-2025-40020}
    - cnic: Fix use-after-free bugs in cnic_delete_task (Duoming Zhou) [Orabug: 38503848] {CVE-2025-39945}
    - tcp: Clear tcp_sk(sk)->fastopen_rsk in tcp_disconnect(). (Kuniyuki Iwashima) [Orabug: 38526387]     {CVE-2025-39955}
    - qed: Don't collect too many protection override GRC elements (Jamie Bainbridge) [Orabug: 38503869]     {CVE-2025-39949}
    - cgroup: split cgroup_destroy_wq into 3 workqueues (Chen Ridong) [Orabug: 38503891] {CVE-2025-39953}
    - mm/memory-failure: fix VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PagePoisoned(page)) when unpoison memory (Miaohe Lin) [Orabug:
    38461847] {CVE-2025-39883}
    - dmaengine: qcom: bam_dma: Fix DT error handling for num-channels/ees (Stephan Gerhold) [Orabug:
    38494821] {CVE-2025-39923}
    - i40e: fix IRQ freeing in i40e_vsi_request_irq_msix error path (Michal Schmidt) [Orabug: 38494786]     {CVE-2025-39911}
    - libceph: fix invalid accesses to ceph_connection_v1_info (Ilya Dryomov) [Orabug: 38461836]     {CVE-2025-39880}
    - ocfs2: fix recursive semaphore deadlock in fiemap call (Mark Tinguely) [Orabug: 38461858]     {CVE-2025-39885}
    - tcp_bpf: Call sk_msg_free() when tcp_bpf_send_verdict() fails to allocate psock->cork. (Kuniyuki     Iwashima) [Orabug: 38494796] {CVE-2025-39913}
    - net: Fix null-ptr-deref by sock_lock_init_class_and_name() and rmmod. (Kuniyuki Iwashima) [Orabug:
    37901603] {CVE-2025-23143}

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Oracle Linux security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Debian 11 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dla-4404 advisory.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian LTS Advisory DLA-4404-1                debian-lts@lists.debian.org     https://www.debian.org/lts/security/                        Ben Hutchings     December 12, 2025                             https://wiki.debian.org/LTS
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : linux     Version        : 5.10.247-1     CVE ID         : CVE-2023-53498 CVE-2024-47666 CVE-2024-50143 CVE-2024-57947                      CVE-2025-21861 CVE-2025-21887 CVE-2025-22058 CVE-2025-23143                      CVE-2025-38678 CVE-2025-39866 CVE-2025-39869 CVE-2025-39876                      CVE-2025-39883 CVE-2025-39885 CVE-2025-39907 CVE-2025-39911                      CVE-2025-39913 CVE-2025-39923 CVE-2025-39937 CVE-2025-39945                      CVE-2025-39949 CVE-2025-39951 CVE-2025-39953 CVE-2025-39955                      CVE-2025-39964 CVE-2025-39967 CVE-2025-39968 CVE-2025-39969                      CVE-2025-39970 CVE-2025-39971 CVE-2025-39972 CVE-2025-39973                      CVE-2025-39980 CVE-2025-39985 CVE-2025-39986 CVE-2025-39987                      CVE-2025-39993 CVE-2025-39994 CVE-2025-39995 CVE-2025-39996                      CVE-2025-39998 CVE-2025-40001 CVE-2025-40006 CVE-2025-40011                      CVE-2025-40018 CVE-2025-40019 CVE-2025-40020 CVE-2025-40021                      CVE-2025-40022 CVE-2025-40026 CVE-2025-40027 CVE-2025-40029                      CVE-2025-40030 CVE-2025-40035 CVE-2025-40042 CVE-2025-40044                      CVE-2025-40048 CVE-2025-40049 CVE-2025-40053 CVE-2025-40055                      CVE-2025-40070 CVE-2025-40078 CVE-2025-40081 CVE-2025-40083                      CVE-2025-40087 CVE-2025-40088 CVE-2025-40105 CVE-2025-40106                      CVE-2025-40109 CVE-2025-40111 CVE-2025-40115 CVE-2025-40116                      CVE-2025-40118 CVE-2025-40121 CVE-2025-40125 CVE-2025-40127                      CVE-2025-40134 CVE-2025-40140 CVE-2025-40153 CVE-2025-40154                      CVE-2025-40167 CVE-2025-40173 CVE-2025-40178 CVE-2025-40183                      CVE-2025-40186 CVE-2025-40187 CVE-2025-40188 CVE-2025-40190                      CVE-2025-40194 CVE-2025-40197 CVE-2025-40198 CVE-2025-40200                      CVE-2025-40204 CVE-2025-40205 CVE-2025-40211 CVE-2025-40219                      CVE-2025-40220 CVE-2025-40223 CVE-2025-40231 CVE-2025-40233                      CVE-2025-40240 CVE-2025-40243 CVE-2025-40244 CVE-2025-40248                      CVE-2025-40254 CVE-2025-40257 CVE-2025-40258 CVE-2025-40259                      CVE-2025-40261 CVE-2025-40262 CVE-2025-40263 CVE-2025-40264                      CVE-2025-40269 CVE-2025-40271 CVE-2025-40273 CVE-2025-40275                      CVE-2025-40277 CVE-2025-40278 CVE-2025-40280 CVE-2025-40281                      CVE-2025-40282 CVE-2025-40283 CVE-2025-40304 CVE-2025-40306                      CVE-2025-40308 CVE-2025-40309 CVE-2025-40312 CVE-2025-40315                      CVE-2025-40317 CVE-2025-40319 CVE-2025-40321 CVE-2025-40322                      CVE-2025-40324 CVE-2025-40331 CVE-2025-40342     Debian Bug     : 1107479 1114557

    Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux kernel that     may lead to a privilege escalation, denial of service or information     leaks.

    For Debian 11 bullseye, these problems have been fixed in version     5.10.247-1.  This version additionally includes many more bug fixes     from stable updates 5.10.245-5.10.247.  The broken pktcdvd driver has     also been disabled.

    We recommend that you upgrade your linux packages.

    For the detailed security status of linux please refer to     its security tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/linux

    Further information about Debian LTS security advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://wiki.debian.org/LTS     Attachment:
    signature.asc     Description: PGP signature

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ALAS2023-2025-1316 advisory.

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    crypto: essiv - Check ssize for decryption and in-place encryption (CVE-2025-40019)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    mm/ksm: fix flag-dropping behavior in ksm_madvise (CVE-2025-40040)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    tracing: Fix race condition in kprobe initialization causing NULL pointer dereference (CVE-2025-40042)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    cifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input (CVE-2025-40099)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: do not assert we found block group item when creating free space tree (CVE-2025-40100)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: fix memory leaks when rejecting a non SINGLE data profile without an RST (CVE-2025-40101)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    smb: client: Fix refcount leak for cifs_sb_tlink (CVE-2025-40103)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ixgbevf: fix mailbox API compatibility by negotiating supported features (CVE-2025-40104)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    vfs: Don't leak disconnected dentries on umount (CVE-2025-40105)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    drm/vmwgfx: Fix a null-ptr access in the cursor snooper (CVE-2025-40110)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation (CVE-2025-40111)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    mptcp: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in mptcp_active_enable(). (CVE-2025-40133)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation (CVE-2025-40159)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    xen/events: Return -EEXIST for bound VIRQs (CVE-2025-40160)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination (CVE-2025-40167)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net/ip6_tunnel: Prevent perpetual tunnel growth (CVE-2025-40173)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    tls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails (CVE-2025-40176)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    pid: Add a judgment for ns null in pid_nr_ns (CVE-2025-40178)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: verify orphan file size is not too big (CVE-2025-40179)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    x86/kvm: Force legacy PCI hole to UC when overriding MTRRs for TDX/SNP (CVE-2025-40181)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    bpf: Fix metadata_dst leak __bpf_redirect_neigh_v{4,6} (CVE-2025-40183)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce() (CVE-2025-40187)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update (CVE-2025-40190)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    cpufreq: intel_pstate: Fix object lifecycle issue in update_qos_request() (CVE-2025-40194)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    mount: handle NULL values in mnt_ns_release() (CVE-2025-40195)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    fs: quota: create dedicated workqueue for quota_release_work (CVE-2025-40196)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    media: mc: Clear minor number before put device (CVE-2025-40197)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: avoid potential buffer over-read in parse_apply_sb_mount_options() (CVE-2025-40198)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    page_pool: Fix PP_MAGIC_MASK to avoid crashing on some 32-bit arches (CVE-2025-40199)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Squashfs: reject negative file sizes in squashfs_read_inode() (CVE-2025-40200)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    kernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths (CVE-2025-40201)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ipmi: Rework user message limit handling (CVE-2025-40202)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    listmount: don't call path_put() under namespace semaphore (CVE-2025-40203)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    sctp: Fix MAC comparison to be constant-time (CVE-2025-40204)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: avoid potential out-of-bounds in btrfs_encode_fh() (CVE-2025-40205)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    netfilter: nft_objref: validate objref and objrefmap expressions (CVE-2025-40206)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    media: v4l2-subdev: Fix alloc failure check in v4l2_subdev_call_state_try() (CVE-2025-40207)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the tested product security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ALAS2023-2025-1297 advisory.

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    crypto: essiv - Check ssize for decryption and in-place encryption (CVE-2025-40019)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    mm/ksm: fix flag-dropping behavior in ksm_madvise (CVE-2025-40040)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    tracing: Fix race condition in kprobe initialization causing NULL pointer dereference (CVE-2025-40042)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    cifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input (CVE-2025-40099)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: do not assert we found block group item when creating free space tree (CVE-2025-40100)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    smb: client: Fix refcount leak for cifs_sb_tlink (CVE-2025-40103)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ixgbevf: fix mailbox API compatibility by negotiating supported features (CVE-2025-40104)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    vfs: Don't leak disconnected dentries on umount (CVE-2025-40105)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation (CVE-2025-40111)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination (CVE-2025-40167)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net/ip6_tunnel: Prevent perpetual tunnel growth (CVE-2025-40173)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    tls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails (CVE-2025-40176)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    pid: Add a judgment for ns null in pid_nr_ns (CVE-2025-40178)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: verify orphan file size is not too big (CVE-2025-40179)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    bpf: Fix metadata_dst leak __bpf_redirect_neigh_v{4,6} (CVE-2025-40183)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce() (CVE-2025-40187)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update (CVE-2025-40190)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    cpufreq: intel_pstate: Fix object lifecycle issue in update_qos_request() (CVE-2025-40194)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    media: mc: Clear minor number before put device (CVE-2025-40197)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: avoid potential buffer over-read in parse_apply_sb_mount_options() (CVE-2025-40198)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Squashfs: reject negative file sizes in squashfs_read_inode() (CVE-2025-40200)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    kernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths (CVE-2025-40201)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    sctp: Fix MAC comparison to be constant-time (CVE-2025-40204)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: avoid potential out-of-bounds in btrfs_encode_fh() (CVE-2025-40205)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    media: v4l2-subdev: Fix alloc failure check in v4l2_subdev_call_state_try() (CVE-2025-40207)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the tested product security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The version of kernel installed on the remote host is prior to 5.15.195-136.216. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ALAS2KERNEL-5.15-2025-095 advisory.

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    scsi: target: target_core_configfs: Add length check to avoid buffer overflow (CVE-2025-39998)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ipvs: Defer ip_vs_ftp unregister during netns cleanup (CVE-2025-40018)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    crypto: essiv - Check ssize for decryption and in-place encryption (CVE-2025-40019)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Input: uinput - zero-initialize uinput_ff_upload_compat to avoid info leak (CVE-2025-40035)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    tracing: Fix race condition in kprobe initialization causing NULL pointer dereference (CVE-2025-40042)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    fs: udf: fix OOB read in lengthAllocDescs handling (CVE-2025-40044)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    uio_hv_generic: Let userspace take care of interrupt mask (CVE-2025-40048)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Squashfs: fix uninit-value in squashfs_get_parent (CVE-2025-40049)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    fs: ntfs3: Fix integer overflow in run_unpack() (CVE-2025-40068)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    pps: fix warning in pps_register_cdev when register device fail (CVE-2025-40070)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    bpf: Explicitly check accesses to bpf_sock_addr (CVE-2025-40078)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    perf: arm_spe: Prevent overflow in PERF_IDX2OFF() (CVE-2025-40081)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    crypto: rng - Ensure set_ent is always present (CVE-2025-40109)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    blk-mq: check kobject state_in_sysfs before deleting in blk_mq_unregister_hctx (CVE-2025-40125)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    dm: fix NULL pointer dereference in __dm_suspend() (CVE-2025-40134)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    mm: hugetlb: avoid soft lockup when mprotect to large memory area (CVE-2025-40153)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    pid: Add a judgment for ns null in pid_nr_ns (CVE-2025-40178)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: verify orphan file size is not too big (CVE-2025-40179)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    bpf: Fix metadata_dst leak __bpf_redirect_neigh_v{4,6} (CVE-2025-40183)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce() (CVE-2025-40187)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update (CVE-2025-40190)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    cpufreq: intel_pstate: Fix object lifecycle issue in update_qos_request() (CVE-2025-40194)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Squashfs: reject negative file sizes in squashfs_read_inode() (CVE-2025-40200)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    sctp: Fix MAC comparison to be constant-time (CVE-2025-40204)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: avoid potential out-of-bounds in btrfs_encode_fh() (CVE-2025-40205)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the tested product security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Debian 11 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dla-4379 advisory.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian LTS Advisory DLA-4379-1                debian-lts@lists.debian.org     https://www.debian.org/lts/security/                        Ben Hutchings     November 25, 2025                             https://wiki.debian.org/LTS
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : linux-6.1     Version        : 6.1.158-1~deb11u1     CVE ID         : CVE-2025-21861 CVE-2025-39929 CVE-2025-39931 CVE-2025-39934                      CVE-2025-39937 CVE-2025-39938 CVE-2025-39942 CVE-2025-39943                      CVE-2025-39944 CVE-2025-39945 CVE-2025-39946 CVE-2025-39949                      CVE-2025-39951 CVE-2025-39953 CVE-2025-39955 CVE-2025-39957                      CVE-2025-39964 CVE-2025-39967 CVE-2025-39968 CVE-2025-39969                      CVE-2025-39970 CVE-2025-39971 CVE-2025-39972 CVE-2025-39973                      CVE-2025-39977 CVE-2025-39978 CVE-2025-39980 CVE-2025-39982                      CVE-2025-39985 CVE-2025-39986 CVE-2025-39987 CVE-2025-39988                      CVE-2025-39993 CVE-2025-39994 CVE-2025-39995 CVE-2025-39996                      CVE-2025-39998 CVE-2025-40001 CVE-2025-40006 CVE-2025-40008                      CVE-2025-40010 CVE-2025-40011 CVE-2025-40013 CVE-2025-40018                      CVE-2025-40019 CVE-2025-40020 CVE-2025-40021 CVE-2025-40022                      CVE-2025-40026 CVE-2025-40027 CVE-2025-40029 CVE-2025-40030                      CVE-2025-40032 CVE-2025-40035 CVE-2025-40036 CVE-2025-40040                      CVE-2025-40042 CVE-2025-40043 CVE-2025-40044 CVE-2025-40048                      CVE-2025-40049 CVE-2025-40051 CVE-2025-40053 CVE-2025-40055                      CVE-2025-40056 CVE-2025-40060 CVE-2025-40062 CVE-2025-40068                      CVE-2025-40070 CVE-2025-40078 CVE-2025-40080 CVE-2025-40081                      CVE-2025-40084 CVE-2025-40085 CVE-2025-40087 CVE-2025-40088                      CVE-2025-40092 CVE-2025-40093 CVE-2025-40094 CVE-2025-40095                      CVE-2025-40096 CVE-2025-40099 CVE-2025-40100 CVE-2025-40103                      CVE-2025-40104 CVE-2025-40105 CVE-2025-40106 CVE-2025-40107                      CVE-2025-40109 CVE-2025-40111 CVE-2025-40112 CVE-2025-40115                      CVE-2025-40116 CVE-2025-40118 CVE-2025-40120 CVE-2025-40121                      CVE-2025-40123 CVE-2025-40124 CVE-2025-40125 CVE-2025-40126                      CVE-2025-40127 CVE-2025-40134 CVE-2025-40140 CVE-2025-40141                      CVE-2025-40153 CVE-2025-40154 CVE-2025-40156 CVE-2025-40167                      CVE-2025-40171 CVE-2025-40173 CVE-2025-40176 CVE-2025-40178                      CVE-2025-40179 CVE-2025-40183 CVE-2025-40186 CVE-2025-40187                      CVE-2025-40188 CVE-2025-40190 CVE-2025-40193 CVE-2025-40194                      CVE-2025-40197 CVE-2025-40198 CVE-2025-40200 CVE-2025-40201                      CVE-2025-40202 CVE-2025-40204 CVE-2025-40205 CVE-2025-40207

    Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux kernel that     may lead to a privilege escalation, denial of service or information     leaks.

    For Debian 11 bullseye, these problems have been fixed in version     6.1.158-1~deb11u1.  This version additionally includes many more bug     fixes from stable updates 6.1.154-6.1.158.

    We recommend that you upgrade your linux-6.1 packages.

    For the detailed security status of linux-6.1 please refer to     its security tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/linux-6.1

    Further information about Debian LTS security advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://wiki.debian.org/LTS     Attachment:
    signature.asc     Description: PGP signature

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied patch available.

  - ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update syzkaller found a path where     ext4_xattr_inode_update_ref() reads an EA inode refcount that is already <= 0 and then applies ref_change     (often -1). That lets the refcount underflow and we proceed with a bogus value, triggering errors like:
    EXT4-fs error: EA inode <n> ref underflow: ref_count=-1 ref_change=-1 EXT4-fs warning: ea_inode dec ref     err=-117 Make the invariant explicit: if the current refcount is non-positive, treat this as on-disk     corruption, emit ext4_error_inode(), and fail the operation with -EFSCORRUPTED instead of updating the     refcount. Delete the WARN_ONCE() as negative refcounts are now impossible; keep error reporting in     ext4_error_inode(). This prevents the underflow and the follow-on orphan/cleanup churn. (CVE-2025-40190)

Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.

The version of kernel installed on the remote host is prior to 5.4.301-221.445. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ALAS2KERNEL-5.4-2025-114 advisory.

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    fs: dlm: fix invalid derefence of sb_lvbptr (CVE-2022-50516)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    scsi: target: target_core_configfs: Add length check to avoid buffer overflow (CVE-2025-39998)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    scsi: mvsas: Fix use-after-free bugs in mvs_work_queue (CVE-2025-40001)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ipvs: Defer ip_vs_ftp unregister during netns cleanup (CVE-2025-40018)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    crypto: essiv - Check ssize for decryption and in-place encryption (CVE-2025-40019)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    KVM: x86: Don't (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O (CVE-2025-40026)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    pinctrl: check the return value of pinmux_ops::get_function_name() (CVE-2025-40030)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Input: uinput - zero-initialize uinput_ff_upload_compat to avoid info leak (CVE-2025-40035)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    tracing: Fix race condition in kprobe initialization causing NULL pointer dereference (CVE-2025-40042)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    fs: udf: fix OOB read in lengthAllocDescs handling (CVE-2025-40044)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    uio_hv_generic: Let userspace take care of interrupt mask (CVE-2025-40048)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Squashfs: fix uninit-value in squashfs_get_parent (CVE-2025-40049)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    pps: fix warning in pps_register_cdev when register device fail (CVE-2025-40070)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    bpf: Explicitly check accesses to bpf_sock_addr (CVE-2025-40078)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    perf: arm_spe: Prevent overflow in PERF_IDX2OFF() (CVE-2025-40081)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    NFSD: Define a proc_layoutcommit for the FlexFiles layout type (CVE-2025-40087)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    hfsplus: fix slab-out-of-bounds read in hfsplus_strcasecmp() (CVE-2025-40088)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    vfs: Don't leak disconnected dentries on umount (CVE-2025-40105)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    scsi: mpt3sas: Fix crash in transport port remove by using ioc_info() (CVE-2025-40115)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    blk-mq: check kobject state_in_sysfs before deleting in blk_mq_unregister_hctx (CVE-2025-40125)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    dm: fix NULL pointer dereference in __dm_suspend() (CVE-2025-40134)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net: usb: Remove disruptive netif_wake_queue in rtl8150_set_multicast (CVE-2025-40140)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    mm: hugetlb: avoid soft lockup when mprotect to large memory area (CVE-2025-40153)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination (CVE-2025-40167)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net/ip6_tunnel: Prevent perpetual tunnel growth (CVE-2025-40173)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    pid: Add a judgment for ns null in pid_nr_ns (CVE-2025-40178)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    net/sctp: fix a null dereference in sctp_disposition sctp_sf_do_5_1D_ce() (CVE-2025-40187)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update (CVE-2025-40190)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    cpufreq: intel_pstate: Fix object lifecycle issue in update_qos_request() (CVE-2025-40194)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    ext4: avoid potential buffer over-read in parse_apply_sb_mount_options() (CVE-2025-40198)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    Squashfs: reject negative file sizes in squashfs_read_inode() (CVE-2025-40200)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    sctp: Fix MAC comparison to be constant-time (CVE-2025-40204)

    In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

    btrfs: avoid potential out-of-bounds in btrfs_encode_fh() (CVE-2025-40205)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the tested product security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Severity
278563	Oracle Linux 8 / 9 : Unbreakable Enterprise kernel (ELSA-2025-28048)	Nessus	Oracle Linux Local Security Checks	high
278560	Oracle Linux 7 / 8 : Unbreakable Enterprise kernel (ELSA-2025-28049)	Nessus	Oracle Linux Local Security Checks	medium
278559	Debian dla-4404 : ata-modules-5.10.0-35-armmp-di - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	high
277808	Amazon Linux 2023 : bpftool6.12, kernel6.12, kernel6.12-devel (ALAS2023-2025-1316)	Nessus	Amazon Linux Local Security Checks	high
277795	Amazon Linux 2023 : bpftool, kernel, kernel-devel (ALAS2023-2025-1297)	Nessus	Amazon Linux Local Security Checks	high
277761	Amazon Linux 2 : kernel, --advisory ALAS2KERNEL-5.15-2025-095 (ALASKERNEL-5.15-2025-095)	Nessus	Amazon Linux Local Security Checks	medium
276782	Debian dla-4379 : linux-config-6.1 - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	medium
275359	Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2025-40190	Nessus	Misc.	high
274636	Amazon Linux 2 : kernel, --advisory ALAS2KERNEL-5.4-2025-114 (ALASKERNEL-5.4-2025-114)	Nessus	Amazon Linux Local Security Checks	high

Detections

Analytics

CVE-2025-40190

high

Tenable Plugins

high

medium

high

high

high

medium

medium

high

high