The Performance Events subsystem in the Linux kernel before 3.1 does not properly handle event overflows associated with PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK events, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (system hang) via a crafted application.

Updated kernel-rt packages that fix multiple security issues and various bugs are now available for Red Hat Enterprise MRG 2.1.

The Red Hat Security Response Team has rated this update as having important security impact. Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base scores, which give detailed severity ratings, are available for each vulnerability from the CVE links in the References section.

These packages contain the Linux kernel.

Security fixes :

* SG_IO ioctl SCSI requests on partitions or LVM volumes could be passed to the underlying block device, allowing a privileged user to bypass restrictions and gain read and write access (and be able to issue other SCSI commands) to the entire block device. (CVE-2011-4127, Important)

* A local, unprivileged user could use an integer overflow flaw in drm_mode_dirtyfb_ioctl() to cause a denial of service or escalate their privileges. (CVE-2012-0044, Important)

* A local, unprivileged user could use a flaw in the Performance Events implementation to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918, Moderate)

* A local, unprivileged user could use flaws in the XFS file system implementation to cause a denial of service or escalate their privileges by mounting a specially crafted disk. (CVE-2011-4077, CVE-2012-0038, Moderate)

* A local, unprivileged user could use a flaw in the Out of Memory (OOM) killer to monopolize memory, have their process skipped by the OOM killer, or cause other tasks to be terminated. (CVE-2011-4097, Moderate)

* A local, unprivileged user could use a flaw in the key management facility to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-4110, Moderate)

* A malicious Network File System version 4 (NFSv4) server could return a crafted reply to a GETACL request, causing a denial of service on the client. (CVE-2011-4131, Moderate)

* A local attacker could use a flaw in the Journaling Block Device (JBD) to crash the system by mounting a specially crafted ext3 or ext4 disk. (CVE-2011-4132, Moderate)

* A flaw in igmp_heard_query() could allow an attacker, who is able to send certain IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) packets to a target system, to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2012-0207, Moderate)

* If lock contention during signal sending occurred when in a software interrupt handler that is using the per-CPU debug stack, the task could be scheduled out on the realtime kernel, possibly leading to debug stack corruption. A local, unprivileged user could use this flaw to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2012-0810, Moderate)

Red Hat would like to thank Chen Haogang for reporting CVE-2012-0044;
Wang Xi for reporting CVE-2012-0038; Shubham Goyal for reporting CVE-2011-4097; Andy Adamson for reporting CVE-2011-4131; and Simon McVittie for reporting CVE-2012-0207.

Bug fixes :

* When a sleeping task, waiting on a futex (fast userspace mutex), tried to get the spin_lock(hb->lock) RT-mutex, if the owner of the futex released the lock, the sleeping task was put on a futex proxy lock. Consequently, the sleeping task was blocked on two locks and eventually terminated in the BUG_ON() function. With this update, the WAKEUP_INPROGRESS pseudo-lock has been added to be used as a proxy lock. This pseudo-lock tells the sleeping task that it is being woken up so that the task no longer tries to get the second lock. Now, the futex code works as expected and sleeping tasks no longer crash in the described scenario. (BZ#784733)

* When the CONFIG_CRYPTO_FIPS configuration option was disabled, some services such as sshd and ipsec, while working properly, returned warning messages regarding this missing option during start up. With this update, CONFIG_CRYPTO_FIPS has been enabled and no warning messages are now returned in the described scenario. (BZ#786145)

* Previously, when a read operation on a loop device failed, the data successfully read from the device was not cleared and could eventually leak. This bug has been fixed and all data are now properly cleared in the described scenario. (BZ#761420)

* Due to an assembler-sourced object, the perf utility (from the perf-rt package) for AMD64 and Intel 64 architectures contained an executable stack. This update adds the '.note.GNU-stack' section definition to the bench/mem-memcpy-x86-64-asm.S component of perf, with all flags disabled, and perf no longer contains an executable stack, thus fixing this bug. (BZ#783570)

The openSUSE 11.4 kernel was updated to 2.6.37.6 fixing lots of bugs and security issues.

Following security issues have been fixed: CVE-2011-1833: Added a kernel option to ensure ecryptfs is mounting only on paths belonging to the current ui, which would have allowed local attackers to potentially gain privileges via symlink attacks.

CVE-2011-2695: Multiple off-by-one errors in the ext4 subsystem in the Linux kernel allowed local users to cause a denial of service (BUG_ON and system crash) by accessing a sparse file in extent format with a write operation involving a block number corresponding to the largest possible 32-bit unsigned integer.

CVE-2011-3363: Always check the path in CIFS mounts to avoid interesting filesystem path interaction issues and potential crashes.

CVE-2011-2918: In the perf framework software event overflows could deadlock or delete an uninitialized timer.

CVE-2011-3353: In the fuse filesystem, FUSE_NOTIFY_INVAL_ENTRY did not check the length of the write so the message processing could overrun and result in a BUG_ON() in fuse_copy_fill(). This flaw could be used by local users able to mount FUSE filesystems to crash the system.

CVE-2011-2183: Fixed a race between ksmd and other memory management code, which could result in a NULL ptr dereference and kernel crash.

CVE-2011-3191: A signedness issue in CIFS could possibly have lead to to memory corruption, if a malicious server could send crafted replies to the host.

CVE-2011-1776: The is_gpt_valid function in fs/partitions/efi.c in the Linux kernel did not check the size of an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) GUID Partition Table (GPT) entry, which allowed physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and OOPS) or obtain sensitive information from kernel heap memory by connecting a crafted GPT storage device, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-1577.

Following non-security bugs were fixed :

  - novfs: Unable to change password in the Novell Client     for Linux (bnc#713229).

  - novfs: last modification time not reliable (bnc#642896).

  - novfs: unlink directory after unmap (bnc#649625).

  - fs: novfs: Fix exit handlers on local_unlink     (bnc#649625).

  - novfs: 'Unable to save Login Script' appears when trying     to save a user login script (bnc#638985).

  - fs: novfs: Limit check for datacopy between user and     kernel space.

  - novfs: Fix checking of login id (bnc#626119).

  - novfs: Set the sticky bit for the novfs mountpoint     (bnc#686412).

  - ACPICA: Fix issues/fault with automatic 'serialized'     method support (bnc#678097).

  - drm/radeon/kms: Fix I2C mask definitions (bnc#712023).

  - ext4: Fix max file size and logical block counting of     extent format file (bnc#706374).

  - novfs: fix off-by-one allocation error (bnc#669378     bnc#719710).

  - novfs: fix some kmalloc/kfree issues (bnc#669378     bnc#719710).

  - novfs: fix some DirCache locking issues (bnc#669378     bnc#719710).

  - memsw: remove noswapaccount kernel parameter     (bnc#719450).

  - Provide memory controller swap extension. Keep the     feature disabled by default. Use swapaccount=1 kernel     boot parameter for enabling it.

  - Config cleanups: CONFIG_OLPC should be enabled only for     i386 non PAE

  - TTY: pty, fix pty counting (bnc#711203).

  - USB: OHCI: fix another regression for NVIDIA controllers     (bnc#682204).

  - xen/blkfront: avoid NULL de-reference in CDROM ioctl     handling.

  - x86, mtrr: lock stop machine during MTRR rendezvous     sequence (bnc#672008).

The openSUSE 11.3 kernel was updated to fix various bugs and security issues.

Following security issues have been fixed: CVE-2011-1833: Added a kernel option to ensure ecryptfs is mounting only on paths belonging to the current ui, which would have allowed local attackers to potentially gain privileges via symlink attacks.

CVE-2011-3363: Always check the path in CIFS mounts to avoid interesting filesystem path interaction issues and potential crashes.

CVE-2011-2918: In the perf framework software event overflows could deadlock or delete an uninitialized timer.

CVE-2011-3353: In the fuse filesystem, FUSE_NOTIFY_INVAL_ENTRY did not check the length of the write so the message processing could overrun and result in a BUG_ON() in fuse_copy_fill(). This flaw could be used by local users able to mount FUSE filesystems to crash the system.

CVE-2011-3191: A signedness issue in CIFS could possibly have lead to to memory corruption, if a malicious server could send crafted replies to the host.

CVE-2011-1776: The is_gpt_valid function in fs/partitions/efi.c in the Linux kernel did not check the size of an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) GUID Partition Table (GPT) entry, which allowed physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and OOPS) or obtain sensitive information from kernel heap memory by connecting a crafted GPT storage device, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-1577.

Following non security bugs were fixed :

  - drm/radeon/kms: Fix I2C mask definitions (bnc#712023).

  - ext4: Fix max file size and logical block counting of     extent format file (bnc#706374).

  - TTY: pty, fix pty counting (bnc#711203).

  - Update Xen patches to 2.6.34.10.

  - xen/blkfront: fix data size for xenbus_gather in     connect().

  - xen/xenbus: fix xenbus_transaction_start() hang caused     by double xenbus_transaction_end().

  - xen/blkback: don't fail empty barrier requests.

  - xen/blktap: fix locking (bnc#685276).

  - xen/xenbus: don't BUG() on user mode induced conditions     (bnc#696107).

  - xen/blkfront: avoid NULL de-reference in CDROM ioctl     handling (bnc#701355).

  - intr-remap: allow disabling source id checking     (bnc#710352).

The skb_gro_header_slow function in include/linux/netdevice.h in the Linux kernel before 2.6.39.4, when Generic Receive Offload (GRO) is enabled, resets certain fields in incorrect situations, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via crafted network traffic.

Race condition in the ecryptfs_mount function in fs/ecryptfs/main.c in the eCryptfs subsystem in the Linux kernel before 3.1 allows local users to bypass intended file permissions via a mount.ecryptfs_private mount with a mismatched uid.

The (1) IPv4 and (2) IPv6 implementations in the Linux kernel before 3.1 use a modified MD4 algorithm to generate sequence numbers and Fragment Identification values, which makes it easier for remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disrupted networking) or hijack network sessions by predicting these values and sending crafted packets.

Integer signedness error in the CIFSFindNext function in fs/cifs/cifssmb.c in the Linux kernel before 3.1 allows remote CIFS servers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a large length value in a response to a read request for a directory.

The Performance Events subsystem in the Linux kernel before 3.1 does not properly handle event overflows associated with PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK events, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (system hang) via a crafted application.

The remote Oracle Linux 6 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ELSA-2011-1350 advisory.

  - The tpm_open function in drivers/char/tpm/tpm.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.39 does not initialize a     certain buffer, which allows local users to obtain potentially sensitive information from kernel memory     via unspecified vectors. (CVE-2011-1160)

  - Integer overflow in the agp_generic_insert_memory function in drivers/char/agp/generic.c in the Linux     kernel before 2.6.38.5 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (system crash)     via a crafted AGPIOC_BIND agp_ioctl ioctl call. (CVE-2011-1745)

  - Multiple integer overflows in the (1) agp_allocate_memory and (2) agp_create_user_memory functions in     drivers/char/agp/generic.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.38.5 allow local users to trigger buffer     overflows, and consequently cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly have unspecified other     impact, via vectors related to calls that specify a large number of memory pages. (CVE-2011-1746)

  - Race condition in the ecryptfs_mount function in fs/ecryptfs/main.c in the eCryptfs subsystem in the Linux     kernel before 3.1 allows local users to bypass intended file permissions via a mount.ecryptfs_private     mount with a mismatched uid. (CVE-2011-1833)

  - The agp_generic_remove_memory function in drivers/char/agp/generic.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.38.5     does not validate a certain start parameter, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial     of service (system crash) via a crafted AGPIOC_UNBIND agp_ioctl ioctl call, a different vulnerability than     CVE-2011-1745. (CVE-2011-2022)

  - The add_del_listener function in kernel/taskstats.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.39.1 and earlier does not     prevent multiple registrations of exit handlers, which allows local users to cause a denial of service     (memory and CPU consumption), and bypass the OOM Killer, via a crafted application. (CVE-2011-2484)

  - Integer overflow in the vma_to_resize function in mm/mremap.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.39 allows     local users to cause a denial of service (BUG_ON and system crash) via a crafted mremap system call that     expands a memory mapping. (CVE-2011-2496)

  - The x86_assign_hw_event function in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c in the Performance Events subsystem     in the Linux kernel before 2.6.39 does not properly calculate counter values, which allows local users to     cause a denial of service (panic) via the perf program. (CVE-2011-2521)

  - The skb_gro_header_slow function in include/linux/netdevice.h in the Linux kernel before 2.6.39.4, when     Generic Receive Offload (GRO) is enabled, resets certain fields in incorrect situations, which allows     remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via crafted network traffic. (CVE-2011-2723)

  - net/packet/af_packet.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.39.3 does not properly restrict user-space access to     certain packet data structures associated with VLAN Tag Control Information, which allows local users to     obtain potentially sensitive information via a crafted application. (CVE-2011-2898)

  - The Performance Events subsystem in the Linux kernel before 3.1 does not properly handle event overflows     associated with PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK events, which allows local users to cause a denial of service     (system hang) via a crafted application. (CVE-2011-2918)

Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.

This update fixes the following security issues :

  - Flaws in the AGPGART driver implementation when handling     certain IOCTL commands could allow a local user to cause     a denial of service or escalate their privileges.
    (CVE-2011-1745, CVE-2011-2022, Important)

  - An integer overflow flaw in agp_allocate_memory() could     allow a local user to cause a denial of service or     escalate their privileges. (CVE-2011-1746, Important)

  - A race condition flaw was found in the Linux kernel's     eCryptfs implementation. A local attacker could use the     mount.ecryptfs_private utility to mount (and then     access) a directory they would otherwise not have access     to. Note: To correct this issue, a previous     ecryptfs-utils update, which provides the user-space     part of the fix, must also be installed. (CVE-2011-1833,     Moderate)

  - A denial of service flaw was found in the way the     taskstats subsystem handled the registration of process     exit handlers. A local, unprivileged user could register     an unlimited amount of these handlers, leading to     excessive CPU time and memory use. (CVE-2011-2484,     Moderate)

  - A flaw was found in the way mapping expansions were     handled. A local, unprivileged user could use this flaw     to cause a wrapping condition, triggering a denial of     service. (CVE-2011-2496, Moderate)

  - A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Performance     Events implementation. It could falsely lead the NMI     (Non-Maskable Interrupt) Watchdog to detect a lockup and     panic the system. A local, unprivileged user could use     this flaw to cause a denial of service (kernel panic)     using the perf tool. (CVE-2011-2521, Moderate)

  - A flaw in skb_gro_header_slow() in the Linux kernel     could lead to GRO (Generic Receive Offload) fields being     left in an inconsistent state. An attacker on the local     network could use this flaw to trigger a denial of     service. GRO is enabled by default in all network     drivers that support it. (CVE-2011-2723, Moderate)

  - A flaw was found in the way the Linux kernel's     Performance Events implementation handled     PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK counter overflow. A local,     unprivileged user could use this flaw to cause a denial     of service. (CVE-2011-2918, Moderate)

  - A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Trusted Platform     Module (TPM) implementation. A local, unprivileged user     could use this flaw to leak information to user-space.
    (CVE-2011-1160, Low)

  - Flaws were found in the tpacket_rcv() and     packet_recvmsg() functions in the Linux kernel. A local,     unprivileged user could use these flaws to leak     information to user-space. (CVE-2011-2898, Low)

This update also fixes various bugs and adds one enhancement.
Documentation for these changes will be available shortly from the Technical Notes document linked to in the References section.

Users should upgrade to these updated packages, which contain backported patches to correct these issues, and fix the bugs and add the enhancement noted in the Technical Notes. The system must be rebooted for this update to take effect.

The SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 Service Pack 1 kernel was updated to 2.6.32.45 and fixes various bugs and security issues.

The following security issues have been fixed :

  - Timo Warns reported an issue in the Linux implementation     for GUID partitions. Users with physical access could     gain access to sensitive kernel memory by adding a     storage device with a specially crafted corrupted     invalid partition table. (CVE-2011-1776)

  - The second part of this fix was not yet applied to our     kernel: arch/x86/kvm/x86.c in the Linux kernel before     2.6.36.2 does not initialize certain structure members,     which allows local users to obtain potentially sensitive     information from kernel stack memory via read operations     on the /dev/kvm device. (CVE-2010-3881)

  - The /proc/PID/io interface could be used by local     attackers to gain information on other processes like     number of password characters typed or similar.
    (CVE-2011-2495)

  - A small buffer overflow in the radio driver si4713-i2c     was fixed that could potentially used by local attackers     to crash the kernel or potentially execute code.
    (CVE-2011-2700)

  - A kernel information leak in the comedi driver from     kernel to userspace was fixed. (CVE-2011-2909)

  - In the perf framework software event overflows could     deadlock or delete an uninitialized timer.
    (CVE-2011-2918)

It was discovered that the /proc filesystem did not correctly handle permission changes when programs executed. A local attacker could hold open files to examine details about programs running with higher privileges, potentially increasing the chances of exploiting additional vulnerabilities. (CVE-2011-1020)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1078)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly check that device name strings were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service, or leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1079)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that bridge network filtering did not check that name fields were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1080)

Johan Hovold discovered that the DCCP network stack did not correctly handle certain packet combinations. A remote attacker could send specially crafted network traffic that would crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1093)

Peter Huewe discovered that the TPM device did not correctly initialize memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel heap memory contents, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1160)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IRDA subsystem did not correctly check certain field sizes. If a system was using IRDA, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1180)

Ryan Sweat discovered that the GRO code did not correctly validate memory. In some configurations on systems using VLANs, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1478)

It was discovered that the security fix for CVE-2010-4250 introduced a regression. A remote attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1479)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the X.25 Rose network stack did not correctly handle certain fields. If a system was running with Rose enabled, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1493)

It was discovered that the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) implementation incorrectly calculated lengths. If the net.sctp.addip_enable variable was turned on, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system. (CVE-2011-1573)

Ryan Sweat discovered that the kernel incorrectly handled certain VLAN packets. On some systems, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-1576)

Timo Warns discovered that the GUID partition parsing routines did not correctly validate certain structures. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1577)

Phil Oester discovered that the network bonding system did not correctly handle large queues. On some systems, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1581)

It was discovered that CIFS incorrectly handled authentication. When a user had a CIFS share mounted that required authentication, a local user could mount the same share without knowing the correct password.
(CVE-2011-1585)

It was discovered that the GRE protocol incorrectly handled netns initialization. A remote attacker could send a packet while the ip_gre module was loading, and crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1767)

It was discovered that the IP/IP protocol incorrectly handled netns initialization. A remote attacker could send a packet while the ipip module was loading, and crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1768)

Ben Greear discovered that CIFS did not correctly handle direct I/O. A local attacker with access to a CIFS partition could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1771)

Timo Warns discovered that the EFI GUID partition table was not correctly parsed. A physically local attacker that could insert mountable devices could exploit this to crash the system or possibly gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1776)

Vasiliy Kulikov and Dan Rosenberg discovered that ecryptfs did not correctly check the origin of mount points. A local attacker could exploit this to trick the system into unmounting arbitrary mount points, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1833)

Ben Hutchings reported a flaw in the kernel's handling of corrupt LDM partitions. A local user could exploit this to cause a denial of service or escalate privileges. (CVE-2011-2182)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IPv4 diagnostic routines did not correctly validate certain requests. A local attacker could exploit this to consume CPU resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2213)

It was discovered that an mmap() call with the MAP_PRIVATE flag on '/dev/zero' was incorrectly handled. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2479)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that taskstats listeners were not correctly handled. A local attacker could exploit this to exhaust memory and CPU resources, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2484)

It was discovered that Bluetooth l2cap and rfcomm did not correctly initialize structures. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of the kernel stack, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-2492)

Sami Liedes discovered that ext4 did not correctly handle missing root inodes. A local attacker could trigger the mount of a specially crafted filesystem to cause the system to crash, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2493)

Robert Swiecki discovered that mapping extensions were incorrectly handled. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2496)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the Bluetooth stack incorrectly handled certain L2CAP requests. If a system was using Bluetooth, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-2497)

Ben Pfaff discovered that Classless Queuing Disciplines (qdiscs) were being incorrectly handled. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2525)

It was discovered that GFS2 did not correctly check block sizes. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2689)

It was discovered that the EXT4 filesystem contained multiple off-by-one flaws. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2695)

Fernando Gont discovered that the IPv6 stack used predictable fragment identification numbers. A remote attacker could exploit this to exhaust network resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2699)

Mauro Carvalho Chehab discovered that the si4713 radio driver did not correctly check the length of memory copies. If this hardware was available, a local attacker could exploit this to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-2700)

Herbert Xu discovered that certain fields were incorrectly handled when Generic Receive Offload (CVE-2011-2723)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

Time Warns discovered that long symlinks were incorrectly handled on Be filesystems. A local attacker could exploit this with a malformed Be filesystem and crash the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2928)

Qianfeng Zhang discovered that the bridge networking interface incorrectly handled certain network packets. A remote attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2942)

Dan Kaminsky discovered that the kernel incorrectly handled random sequence number generation. An attacker could use this flaw to possibly predict sequence numbers and inject packets. (CVE-2011-3188)

Darren Lavender discovered that the CIFS client incorrectly handled certain large values. A remote attacker with a malicious server could exploit this to crash the system or possibly execute arbitrary code as the root user. (CVE-2011-3191)

Yasuaki Ishimatsu discovered a flaw in the kernel's clock implementation. A local unprivileged attacker could exploit this causing a denial of service. (CVE-2011-3209)

Yogesh Sharma discovered that CIFS did not correctly handle UNCs that had no prefixpaths. A local attacker with access to a CIFS partition could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-3363)

A flaw was discovered in the Linux kernel's AppArmor security interface when invalid information was written to it. An unprivileged local user could use this to cause a denial of service on the system.
(CVE-2011-3619)

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's /proc/*/*map* interface. A local, unprivileged user could exploit this flaw to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-3637)

Scot Doyle discovered that the bridge networking interface incorrectly handled certain network packets. A remote attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-4087)

A bug was found in the way headroom check was performed in udp6_ufo_fragment() function. A remote attacker could use this flaw to crash the system. (CVE-2011-4326)

Ben Hutchings discovered several flaws in the Linux Rose (X.25 PLP) layer. A local user or a remote user on an X.25 network could exploit these flaws to execute arbitrary code as root. (CVE-2011-4914).

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

Ryan Sweat discovered that the kernel incorrectly handled certain VLAN packets. On some systems, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-1576)

Timo Warns discovered that the EFI GUID partition table was not correctly parsed. A physically local attacker that could insert mountable devices could exploit this to crash the system or possibly gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1776)

Vasiliy Kulikov and Dan Rosenberg discovered that ecryptfs did not correctly check the origin of mount points. A local attacker could exploit this to trick the system into unmounting arbitrary mount points, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1833)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IPv4 diagnostic routines did not correctly validate certain requests. A local attacker could exploit this to consume CPU resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2213)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the Bluetooth stack incorrectly handled certain L2CAP requests. If a system was using Bluetooth, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-2497)

Fernando Gont discovered that the IPv6 stack used predictable fragment identification numbers. A remote attacker could exploit this to exhaust network resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2699)

Mauro Carvalho Chehab discovered that the si4713 radio driver did not correctly check the length of memory copies. If this hardware was available, a local attacker could exploit this to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-2700)

Herbert Xu discovered that certain fields were incorrectly handled when Generic Receive Offload (CVE-2011-2723)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

Time Warns discovered that long symlinks were incorrectly handled on Be filesystems. A local attacker could exploit this with a malformed Be filesystem and crash the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2928)

Darren Lavender discovered that the CIFS client incorrectly handled certain large values. A remote attacker with a malicious server could exploit this to crash the system or possibly execute arbitrary code as the root user. (CVE-2011-3191)

Gideon Naim discovered a flaw in the Linux kernel's handling VLAN 0 frames. An attacker on the local network could exploit this flaw to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-3593).

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

Updated kernel packages that fix several security issues, various bugs, and add one enhancement are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

The Red Hat Security Response Team has rated this update as having important security impact. Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base scores, which give detailed severity ratings, are available for each vulnerability from the CVE links in the References section.

The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.

This update fixes the following security issues :

* Flaws in the AGPGART driver implementation when handling certain IOCTL commands could allow a local user to cause a denial of service or escalate their privileges. (CVE-2011-1745, CVE-2011-2022, Important)

* An integer overflow flaw in agp_allocate_memory() could allow a local user to cause a denial of service or escalate their privileges.
(CVE-2011-1746, Important)

* A race condition flaw was found in the Linux kernel's eCryptfs implementation. A local attacker could use the mount.ecryptfs_private utility to mount (and then access) a directory they would otherwise not have access to. Note: To correct this issue, the RHSA-2011:1241 ecryptfs-utils update, which provides the user-space part of the fix, must also be installed. (CVE-2011-1833, Moderate)

* A denial of service flaw was found in the way the taskstats subsystem handled the registration of process exit handlers. A local, unprivileged user could register an unlimited amount of these handlers, leading to excessive CPU time and memory use.
(CVE-2011-2484, Moderate)

* A flaw was found in the way mapping expansions were handled. A local, unprivileged user could use this flaw to cause a wrapping condition, triggering a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2496, Moderate)

* A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Performance Events implementation. It could falsely lead the NMI (Non-Maskable Interrupt) Watchdog to detect a lockup and panic the system. A local, unprivileged user could use this flaw to cause a denial of service (kernel panic) using the perf tool. (CVE-2011-2521, Moderate)

* A flaw in skb_gro_header_slow() in the Linux kernel could lead to GRO (Generic Receive Offload) fields being left in an inconsistent state. An attacker on the local network could use this flaw to trigger a denial of service. GRO is enabled by default in all network drivers that support it. (CVE-2011-2723, Moderate)

* A flaw was found in the way the Linux kernel's Performance Events implementation handled PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK counter overflow. A local, unprivileged user could use this flaw to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918, Moderate)

* A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Trusted Platform Module (TPM) implementation. A local, unprivileged user could use this flaw to leak information to user-space. (CVE-2011-1160, Low)

* Flaws were found in the tpacket_rcv() and packet_recvmsg() functions in the Linux kernel. A local, unprivileged user could use these flaws to leak information to user-space. (CVE-2011-2898, Low)

Red Hat would like to thank Vasiliy Kulikov of Openwall for reporting CVE-2011-1745, CVE-2011-2022, CVE-2011-1746, and CVE-2011-2484; the Ubuntu Security Team for reporting CVE-2011-1833; Robert Swiecki for reporting CVE-2011-2496; Li Yu for reporting CVE-2011-2521; Brent Meshier for reporting CVE-2011-2723; and Peter Huewe for reporting CVE-2011-1160. The Ubuntu Security Team acknowledges Vasiliy Kulikov of Openwall and Dan Rosenberg as the original reporters of CVE-2011-1833.

This update also fixes various bugs and adds one enhancement.
Documentation for these changes will be available shortly from the Technical Notes document linked to in the References section.

Users should upgrade to these updated packages, which contain backported patches to correct these issues, and fix the bugs and add the enhancement noted in the Technical Notes. The system must be rebooted for this update to take effect.

Dan Rosenberg discovered that multiple terminal ioctls did not correctly initialize structure memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4076, CVE-2010-4077)

Alex Shi and Eric Dumazet discovered that the network stack did not correctly handle packet backlogs. A remote attacker could exploit this by sending a large amount of network traffic to cause the system to run out of memory, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4251, CVE-2010-4805)

It was discovered that the /proc filesystem did not correctly handle permission changes when programs executed. A local attacker could hold open files to examine details about programs running with higher privileges, potentially increasing the chances of exploiting additional vulnerabilities. (CVE-2011-1020)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the X.25 Rose network stack did not correctly handle certain fields. If a system was running with Rose enabled, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1493)

Timo Warns discovered that the GUID partition parsing routines did not correctly validate certain structures. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1577)

It was discovered that CIFS incorrectly handled authentication. When a user had a CIFS share mounted that required authentication, a local user could mount the same share without knowing the correct password.
(CVE-2011-1585)

It was discovered that the GRE protocol incorrectly handled netns initialization. A remote attacker could send a packet while the ip_gre module was loading, and crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1767)

It was discovered that the IP/IP protocol incorrectly handled netns initialization. A remote attacker could send a packet while the ipip module was loading, and crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1768)

Ben Hutchings reported a flaw in the kernel's handling of corrupt LDM partitions. A local user could exploit this to cause a denial of service or escalate privileges. (CVE-2011-2182)

Andrea Righi discovered a race condition in the KSM memory merging support. If KSM was being used, a local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2183)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IPv4 diagnostic routines did not correctly validate certain requests. A local attacker could exploit this to consume CPU resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2213)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that taskstats listeners were not correctly handled. A local attacker could exploit this to exhaust memory and CPU resources, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2484)

It was discovered that Bluetooth l2cap and rfcomm did not correctly initialize structures. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of the kernel stack, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-2492)

Mauro Carvalho Chehab discovered that the si4713 radio driver did not correctly check the length of memory copies. If this hardware was available, a local attacker could exploit this to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-2700)

Herbert Xu discovered that certain fields were incorrectly handled when Generic Receive Offload (CVE-2011-2723)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Comedi driver did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-2909)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's /proc/*/*map* interface. A local, unprivileged user could exploit this flaw to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-3637)

Ben Hutchings discovered several flaws in the Linux Rose (X.25 PLP) layer. A local user or a remote user on an X.25 network could exploit these flaws to execute arbitrary code as root. (CVE-2011-4914).

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

Goldwyn Rodrigues discovered that the OCFS2 filesystem did not correctly clear memory when writing certain file holes. A local attacker could exploit this to read uninitialized data from the disk, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-0463)

Timo Warns discovered that the LDM disk partition handling code did not correctly handle certain values. By inserting a specially crafted disk device, a local attacker could exploit this to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1017)

It was discovered that the /proc filesystem did not correctly handle permission changes when programs executed. A local attacker could hold open files to examine details about programs running with higher privileges, potentially increasing the chances of exploiting additional vulnerabilities. (CVE-2011-1020)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1078)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly check that device name strings were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service, or leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1079)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that bridge network filtering did not check that name fields were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1080)

Peter Huewe discovered that the TPM device did not correctly initialize memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel heap memory contents, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1160)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the netfilter code did not check certain strings copied from userspace. A local attacker with netfilter access could exploit this to read kernel memory or crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1170, CVE-2011-1171, CVE-2011-1172, CVE-2011-2534)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Acorn Universal Networking driver did not correctly initialize memory. A remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1173)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IRDA subsystem did not correctly check certain field sizes. If a system was using IRDA, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1180)

Julien Tinnes discovered that the kernel did not correctly validate the signal structure from tkill(). A local attacker could exploit this to send signals to arbitrary threads, possibly bypassing expected restrictions. (CVE-2011-1182)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the X.25 Rose network stack did not correctly handle certain fields. If a system was running with Rose enabled, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1493)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that MPT devices did not correctly validate certain values in ioctl calls. If these drivers were loaded, a local attacker could exploit this to read arbitrary kernel memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1494, CVE-2011-1495)

Timo Warns discovered that the GUID partition parsing routines did not correctly validate certain structures. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1577)

Phil Oester discovered that the network bonding system did not correctly handle large queues. On some systems, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1581)

Tavis Ormandy discovered that the pidmap function did not correctly handle large requests. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1593)

Oliver Hartkopp and Dave Jones discovered that the CAN network driver did not correctly validate certain socket structures. If this driver was loaded, a local attacker could crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1598, CVE-2011-1748)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the AGP driver did not check certain ioctl values. A local attacker with access to the video subsystem could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service, or possibly gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1745, CVE-2011-2022)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the AGP driver did not check the size of certain memory allocations. A local attacker with access to the video subsystem could exploit this to run the system out of memory, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1746)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the DCCP stack did not correctly handle certain packet structures. A remote attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1770)

Ben Greear discovered that CIFS did not correctly handle direct I/O.
A local attacker with access to a CIFS partition could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1771)

Vasiliy Kulikov and Dan Rosenberg discovered that ecryptfs did not correctly check the origin of mount points. A local attacker could exploit this to trick the system into unmounting arbitrary mount points, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1833)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that taskstats listeners were not correctly handled. A local attacker could expoit this to exhaust memory and CPU resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2484)

It was discovered that Bluetooth l2cap and rfcomm did not correctly initialize structures. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of the kernel stack, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-2492)

Sami Liedes discovered that ext4 did not correctly handle missing root inodes. A local attacker could trigger the mount of a specially crafted filesystem to cause the system to crash, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2493)

It was discovered that GFS2 did not correctly check block sizes. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2689)

Fernando Gont discovered that the IPv6 stack used predictable fragment identification numbers. A remote attacker could exploit this to exhaust network resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2699)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

It was discovered that the /proc filesystem did not correctly handle permission changes when programs executed. A local attacker could hold open files to examine details about programs running with higher privileges, potentially increasing the chances of exploiting additional vulnerabilities. (CVE-2011-1020)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the X.25 Rose network stack did not correctly handle certain fields. If a system was running with Rose enabled, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1493)

Vasiliy Kulikov and Dan Rosenberg discovered that ecryptfs did not correctly check the origin of mount points. A local attacker could exploit this to trick the system into unmounting arbitrary mount points, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1833)

It was discovered that Bluetooth l2cap and rfcomm did not correctly initialize structures. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of the kernel stack, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-2492)

It was discovered that GFS2 did not correctly check block sizes. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2689)

Fernando Gont discovered that the IPv6 stack used predictable fragment identification numbers. A remote attacker could exploit this to exhaust network resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2699)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's /proc/*/*map* interface. A local, unprivileged user could exploit this flaw to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-3637)

Ben Hutchings discovered several flaws in the Linux Rose (X.25 PLP) layer. A local user or a remote user on an X.25 network could exploit these flaws to execute arbitrary code as root. (CVE-2011-4914).

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

Dan Rosenberg discovered that multiple terminal ioctls did not correctly initialize structure memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4076, CVE-2010-4077)

Alex Shi and Eric Dumazet discovered that the network stack did not correctly handle packet backlogs. A remote attacker could exploit this by sending a large amount of network traffic to cause the system to run out of memory, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4251, CVE-2010-4805)

It was discovered that the /proc filesystem did not correctly handle permission changes when programs executed. A local attacker could hold open files to examine details about programs running with higher privileges, potentially increasing the chances of exploiting additional vulnerabilities. (CVE-2011-1020)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the X.25 Rose network stack did not correctly handle certain fields. If a system was running with Rose enabled, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1493)

Timo Warns discovered that the GUID partition parsing routines did not correctly validate certain structures. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1577)

It was discovered that CIFS incorrectly handled authentication. When a user had a CIFS share mounted that required authentication, a local user could mount the same share without knowing the correct password.
(CVE-2011-1585)

It was discovered that the GRE protocol incorrectly handled netns initialization. A remote attacker could send a packet while the ip_gre module was loading, and crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1767)

It was discovered that the IP/IP protocol incorrectly handled netns initialization. A remote attacker could send a packet while the ipip module was loading, and crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1768)

Ben Hutchings reported a flaw in the kernel's handling of corrupt LDM partitions. A local user could exploit this to cause a denial of service or escalate privileges. (CVE-2011-2182)

Andrea Righi discovered a race condition in the KSM memory merging support. If KSM was being used, a local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2183)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IPv4 diagnostic routines did not correctly validate certain requests. A local attacker could exploit this to consume CPU resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2213)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that taskstats listeners were not correctly handled. A local attacker could expoit this to exhaust memory and CPU resources, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2484)

It was discovered that Bluetooth l2cap and rfcomm did not correctly initialize structures. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of the kernel stack, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-2492)

Mauro Carvalho Chehab discovered that the si4713 radio driver did not correctly check the length of memory copies. If this hardware was available, a local attacker could exploit this to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-2700)

Herbert Xu discovered that certain fields were incorrectly handled when Generic Receive Offload (CVE-2011-2723)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Comedi driver did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-2909)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's /proc/*/*map* interface. A local, unprivileged user could exploit this flaw to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2011-3637)

Ben Hutchings discovered several flaws in the Linux Rose (X.25 PLP) layer. A local user or a remote user on an X.25 network could exploit these flaws to execute arbitrary code as root. (CVE-2011-4914).

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the Linux kernel TIPC implementation contained multiple integer signedness errors. A local attacker could exploit this to gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-3859)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that multiple terminal ioctls did not correctly initialize structure memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4075, CVE-2010-4076, CVE-2010-4077)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the socket filters did not correctly initialize structure memory. A local attacker could create malicious filters to read portions of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4158)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the Linux kernel L2TP implementation contained multiple integer signedness errors. A local attacker could exploit this to to crash the kernel, or possibly gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-4160)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that certain iovec operations did not calculate page counts correctly. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4162)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the SCSI subsystem did not correctly validate iov segments. A local attacker with access to a SCSI device could send specially crafted requests to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4163, CVE-2010-4668)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the RDS protocol did not correctly check ioctl arguments. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4175)

Alan Cox discovered that the HCI UART driver did not correctly check if a write operation was available. If the mmap_min-addr sysctl was changed from the Ubuntu default to a value of 0, a local attacker could exploit this flaw to gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-4242)

Brad Spengler discovered that the kernel did not correctly account for userspace memory allocations during exec() calls. A local attacker could exploit this to consume all system memory, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4243)

Alex Shi and Eric Dumazet discovered that the network stack did not correctly handle packet backlogs. A remote attacker could exploit this by sending a large amount of network traffic to cause the system to run out of memory, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4251, CVE-2010-4805)

It was discovered that the ICMP stack did not correctly handle certain unreachable messages. If a remote attacker were able to acquire a socket lock, they could send specially crafted traffic that would crash the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2010-4526)

Dan Carpenter discovered that the Infiniband driver did not correctly handle certain requests. A local user could exploit this to crash the system or potentially gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-4649, CVE-2011-1044)

Kees Cook reported that /proc/pid/stat did not correctly filter certain memory locations. A local attacker could determine the memory layout of processes in an attempt to increase the chances of a successful memory corruption exploit. (CVE-2011-0726)

Timo Warns discovered that MAC partition parsing routines did not correctly calculate block counts. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system or potentially gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1010)

Timo Warns discovered that LDM partition parsing routines did not correctly calculate block counts. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1012)

Matthiew Herrb discovered that the drm modeset interface did not correctly handle a signed comparison. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system or possibly gain root privileges.
(CVE-2011-1013)

It was discovered that the /proc filesystem did not correctly handle permission changes when programs executed. A local attacker could hold open files to examine details about programs running with higher privileges, potentially increasing the chances of exploiting additional vulnerabilities. (CVE-2011-1020)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1078)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly check that device name strings were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service, or leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1079)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that bridge network filtering did not check that name fields were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1080)

Nelson Elhage discovered that the epoll subsystem did not correctly handle certain structures. A local attacker could create malicious requests that would hang the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-1082)

Neil Horman discovered that NFSv4 did not correctly handle certain orders of operation with ACL data. A remote attacker with access to an NFSv4 mount could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1090)

Johan Hovold discovered that the DCCP network stack did not correctly handle certain packet combinations. A remote attacker could send specially crafted network traffic that would crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1093)

Peter Huewe discovered that the TPM device did not correctly initialize memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel heap memory contents, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1160)

Timo Warns discovered that OSF partition parsing routines did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to read kernel memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1163)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the netfilter code did not check certain strings copied from userspace. A local attacker with netfilter access could exploit this to read kernel memory or crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1170, CVE-2011-1171, CVE-2011-1172, CVE-2011-2534)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Acorn Universal Networking driver did not correctly initialize memory. A remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1173)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IRDA subsystem did not correctly check certain field sizes. If a system was using IRDA, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1180)

Ryan Sweat discovered that the GRO code did not correctly validate memory. In some configurations on systems using VLANs, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1478)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the X.25 Rose network stack did not correctly handle certain fields. If a system was running with Rose enabled, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1493)

Timo Warns discovered that the GUID partition parsing routines did not correctly validate certain structures. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1577)

Oliver Hartkopp and Dave Jones discovered that the CAN network driver did not correctly validate certain socket structures. If this driver was loaded, a local attacker could crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1598)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the DCCP stack did not correctly handle certain packet structures. A remote attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1770)

Vasiliy Kulikov and Dan Rosenberg discovered that ecryptfs did not correctly check the origin of mount points. A local attacker could exploit this to trick the system into unmounting arbitrary mount points, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1833)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that taskstats listeners were not correctly handled. A local attacker could expoit this to exhaust memory and CPU resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2484)

It was discovered that Bluetooth l2cap and rfcomm did not correctly initialize structures. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of the kernel stack, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-2492)

Fernando Gont discovered that the IPv6 stack used predictable fragment identification numbers. A remote attacker could exploit this to exhaust network resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2699)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that several network ioctls did not clear kernel memory correctly. A local user could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-3296, CVE-2010-3297)

Brad Spengler discovered that stack memory for new a process was not correctly calculated. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-3858)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the Linux kernel TIPC implementation contained multiple integer signedness errors. A local attacker could exploit this to gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-3859)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the CAN protocol on 64bit systems did not correctly calculate the size of certain buffers. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system or possibly execute arbitrary code as the root user. (CVE-2010-3874)

Nelson Elhage discovered that the Linux kernel IPv4 implementation did not properly audit certain bytecodes in netlink messages. A local attacker could exploit this to cause the kernel to hang, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-3880)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that IPC structures were not correctly initialized on 64bit systems. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2010-4073)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that multiple terminal ioctls did not correctly initialize structure memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4075, CVE-2010-4076, CVE-2010-4077)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface driver did not correctly clear kernel memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4080, CVE-2010-4081)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the VIA video driver did not correctly clear kernel memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4082)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the semctl syscall did not correctly clear kernel memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4083)

James Bottomley discovered that the ICP vortex storage array controller driver did not validate certain sizes. A local attacker on a 64bit system could exploit this to crash the kernel, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4157)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the Linux kernel L2TP implementation contained multiple integer signedness errors. A local attacker could exploit this to to crash the kernel, or possibly gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-4160)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that certain iovec operations did not calculate page counts correctly. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4162)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the SCSI subsystem did not correctly validate iov segments. A local attacker with access to a SCSI device could send specially crafted requests to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4163, CVE-2010-4668)

Dave Jones discovered that the mprotect system call did not correctly handle merged VMAs. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4169)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the RDS protocol did not correctly check ioctl arguments. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4175)

Alan Cox discovered that the HCI UART driver did not correctly check if a write operation was available. If the mmap_min-addr sysctl was changed from the Ubuntu default to a value of 0, a local attacker could exploit this flaw to gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-4242)

Brad Spengler discovered that the kernel did not correctly account for userspace memory allocations during exec() calls. A local attacker could exploit this to consume all system memory, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4243)

It was discovered that multithreaded exec did not handle CPU timers correctly. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4248)

It was discovered that named pipes did not correctly handle certain fcntl calls. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2010-4256)

Dan Rosenburg discovered that the CAN subsystem leaked kernel addresses into the /proc filesystem. A local attacker could use this to increase the chances of a successful memory corruption exploit.
(CVE-2010-4565)

Dan Carpenter discovered that the Infiniband driver did not correctly handle certain requests. A local user could exploit this to crash the system or potentially gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-4649, CVE-2011-1044)

Kees Cook discovered that some ethtool functions did not correctly clear heap memory. A local attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN privileges could exploit this to read portions of kernel heap memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2010-4655)

Kees Cook discovered that the IOWarrior USB device driver did not correctly check certain size fields. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted USB device to crash the system or potentially gain root privileges. (CVE-2010-4656)

Goldwyn Rodrigues discovered that the OCFS2 filesystem did not correctly clear memory when writing certain file holes. A local attacker could exploit this to read uninitialized data from the disk, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-0463)

Dan Carpenter discovered that the TTPCI DVB driver did not check certain values during an ioctl. If the dvb-ttpci module was loaded, a local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service, or possibly gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-0521)

Jens Kuehnel discovered that the InfiniBand driver contained a race condition. On systems using InfiniBand, a local attacker could send specially crafted requests to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-0695)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that XFS did not correctly initialize memory. A local attacker could make crafted ioctl calls to leak portions of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-0711)

Rafael Dominguez Vega discovered that the caiaq Native Instruments USB driver did not correctly validate string lengths. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted USB device to crash the system or potentially gain root privileges.
(CVE-2011-0712)

Kees Cook reported that /proc/pid/stat did not correctly filter certain memory locations. A local attacker could determine the memory layout of processes in an attempt to increase the chances of a successful memory corruption exploit. (CVE-2011-0726)

Timo Warns discovered that MAC partition parsing routines did not correctly calculate block counts. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system or potentially gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1010)

Timo Warns discovered that LDM partition parsing routines did not correctly calculate block counts. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1012)

Matthiew Herrb discovered that the drm modeset interface did not correctly handle a signed comparison. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system or possibly gain root privileges.
(CVE-2011-1013)

Marek Olsak discovered that the Radeon GPU drivers did not correctly validate certain registers. On systems with specific hardware, a local attacker could exploit this to write to arbitrary video memory. (CVE-2011-1016)

Timo Warns discovered that the LDM disk partition handling code did not correctly handle certain values. By inserting a specially crafted disk device, a local attacker could exploit this to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1017)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the CAP_SYS_MODULE capability was not needed to load kernel modules. A local attacker with the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability could load existing kernel modules, possibly increasing the attack surface available on the system.
(CVE-2011-1019)

It was discovered that the /proc filesystem did not correctly handle permission changes when programs executed. A local attacker could hold open files to examine details about programs running with higher privileges, potentially increasing the chances of exploiting additional vulnerabilities. (CVE-2011-1020)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1078)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Bluetooth stack did not correctly check that device name strings were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service, or leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1079)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that bridge network filtering did not check that name fields were NULL terminated. A local attacker could exploit this to leak contents of kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1080)

Nelson Elhage discovered that the epoll subsystem did not correctly handle certain structures. A local attacker could create malicious requests that would hang the system, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-1082)

Neil Horman discovered that NFSv4 did not correctly handle certain orders of operation with ACL data. A remote attacker with access to an NFSv4 mount could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1090)

Johan Hovold discovered that the DCCP network stack did not correctly handle certain packet combinations. A remote attacker could send specially crafted network traffic that would crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1093)

Peter Huewe discovered that the TPM device did not correctly initialize memory. A local attacker could exploit this to read kernel heap memory contents, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1160)

Timo Warns discovered that OSF partition parsing routines did not correctly clear memory. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to read kernel memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1163)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that some ALSA drivers did not correctly check the adapter index during ioctl calls. If this driver was loaded, a local attacker could make a specially crafted ioctl call to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1169)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the netfilter code did not check certain strings copied from userspace. A local attacker with netfilter access could exploit this to read kernel memory or crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1170, CVE-2011-1171, CVE-2011-1172, CVE-2011-2534)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the Acorn Universal Networking driver did not correctly initialize memory. A remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to read kernel stack memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1173)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the IRDA subsystem did not correctly check certain field sizes. If a system was using IRDA, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system or gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1180)

Julien Tinnes discovered that the kernel did not correctly validate the signal structure from tkill(). A local attacker could exploit this to send signals to arbitrary threads, possibly bypassing expected restrictions. (CVE-2011-1182)

Ryan Sweat discovered that the GRO code did not correctly validate memory. In some configurations on systems using VLANs, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1478)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the X.25 Rose network stack did not correctly handle certain fields. If a system was running with Rose enabled, a remote attacker could send specially crafted traffic to gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1493)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that MPT devices did not correctly validate certain values in ioctl calls. If these drivers were loaded, a local attacker could exploit this to read arbitrary kernel memory, leading to a loss of privacy. (CVE-2011-1494, CVE-2011-1495)

Timo Warns discovered that the GUID partition parsing routines did not correctly validate certain structures. A local attacker with physical access could plug in a specially crafted block device to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1577)

Tavis Ormandy discovered that the pidmap function did not correctly handle large requests. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1593)

Oliver Hartkopp and Dave Jones discovered that the CAN network driver did not correctly validate certain socket structures. If this driver was loaded, a local attacker could crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1598, CVE-2011-1748)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the AGP driver did not check certain ioctl values. A local attacker with access to the video subsystem could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service, or possibly gain root privileges. (CVE-2011-1745, CVE-2011-2022)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that the AGP driver did not check the size of certain memory allocations. A local attacker with access to the video subsystem could exploit this to run the system out of memory, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1746)

Dan Rosenberg discovered that the DCCP stack did not correctly handle certain packet structures. A remote attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1770)

Vasiliy Kulikov and Dan Rosenberg discovered that ecryptfs did not correctly check the origin of mount points. A local attacker could exploit this to trick the system into unmounting arbitrary mount points, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-1833)

Vasiliy Kulikov discovered that taskstats listeners were not correctly handled. A local attacker could expoit this to exhaust memory and CPU resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2484)

It was discovered that Bluetooth l2cap and rfcomm did not correctly initialize structures. A local attacker could exploit this to read portions of the kernel stack, leading to a loss of privacy.
(CVE-2011-2492)

Fernando Gont discovered that the IPv6 stack used predictable fragment identification numbers. A remote attacker could exploit this to exhaust network resources, leading to a denial of service.
(CVE-2011-2699)

The performance counter subsystem did not correctly handle certain counters. A local attacker could exploit this to crash the system, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2011-2918)

Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux kernel that may lead to a denial of service or privilege escalation. The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures project identifies the following problems :

  - CVE-2011-1020     Kees Cook discovered an issue in the /proc filesystem     that allows local users to gain access to sensitive     process information after execution of a setuid binary.

  - CVE-2011-1576     Ryan Sweat discovered an issue in the VLAN     implementation. Local users may be able to cause a     kernel memory leak, resulting in a denial of service.

  - CVE-2011-2484     Vasiliy Kulikov of Openwall discovered that the number     of exit handlers that a process can register is not     capped, resulting in local denial of service through     resource exhaustion (CPU time and memory).

  - CVE-2011-2491     Vasily Averin discovered an issue with the NFS locking     implementation. A malicious NFS server can cause a     client to hang indefinitely in an unlock call.

  - CVE-2011-2492     Marek Kroemeke and Filip Palian discovered that     uninitialized struct elements in the Bluetooth subsystem     could lead to a leak of sensitive kernel memory through     leaked stack memory.

  - CVE-2011-2495     Vasiliy Kulikov of Openwall discovered that the io file     of a process' proc directory was world-readable,     resulting in local information disclosure of information     such as password lengths.

  - CVE-2011-2496     Robert Swiecki discovered that mremap() could be abused     for local denial of service by triggering a BUG_ON     assert.

  - CVE-2011-2497     Dan Rosenberg discovered an integer underflow in the     Bluetooth subsystem, which could lead to denial of     service or privilege escalation.

  - CVE-2011-2517     It was discovered that the netlink-based wireless     configuration interface performed insufficient length     validation when parsing SSIDs, resulting in buffer     overflows. Local users with the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability     can cause a denial of service.

  - CVE-2011-2525     Ben Pfaff reported an issue in the network scheduling     code. A local user could cause a denial of service (NULL     pointer dereference) by sending a specially crafted     netlink message.

  - CVE-2011-2700     Mauro Carvalho Chehab of Red Hat reported a buffer     overflow issue in the driver for the Si4713 FM Radio     Transmitter driver used by N900 devices. Local users     could exploit this issue to cause a denial of service or     potentially gain elevated privileges.

  - CVE-2011-2723     Brent Meshier reported an issue in the GRO (generic     receive offload) implementation. This can be exploited     by remote users to create a denial of service (system     crash) in certain network device configurations.

  - CVE-2011-2905     Christian Ohm discovered that the 'perf' analysis tool     searches for its config files in the current working     directory. This could lead to denial of service or     potential privilege escalation if a user with elevated     privileges is tricked into running 'perf' in a directory     under the control of the attacker.

  - CVE-2011-2909     Vasiliy Kulikov of Openwall discovered that a     programming error in the Comedi driver could lead to the     information disclosure through leaked stack memory.

  - CVE-2011-2918     Vince Weaver discovered that incorrect handling of     software event overflows in the 'perf' analysis tool     could lead to local denial of service.

  - CVE-2011-2928     Timo Warns discovered that insufficient validation of Be     filesystem images could lead to local denial of service     if a malformed filesystem image is mounted.

  - CVE-2011-3188     Dan Kaminsky reported a weakness of the sequence number     generation in the TCP protocol implementation. This can     be used by remote attackers to inject packets into an     active session.

  - CVE-2011-3191     Darren Lavender reported an issue in the Common Internet     File System (CIFS). A malicious file server could cause     memory corruption leading to a denial of service.

This update also includes a fix for a regression introduced with the previous security fix for CVE-2011-1768 (Debian bug #633738).

ID	Name	Product	Family	Severity
76639	RHEL 6 : MRG (RHSA-2012:0333)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	medium
75881	openSUSE Security Update : kernel (openSUSE-SU-2011:1222-1)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	critical
75556	openSUSE Security Update : kernel (openSUSE-SU-2011:1221-1)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	critical
69575	Amazon Linux AMI : kernel (ALAS-2011-16)	Nessus	Amazon Linux Local Security Checks	critical
68364	Oracle Linux 6 : kernel (ELSA-2011-1350)	Nessus	Oracle Linux Local Security Checks	medium
61148	Scientific Linux Security Update : kernel on SL6.x i386/x86_64	Nessus	Scientific Linux Local Security Checks	medium
57110	SuSE 11.1 Security Update : Linux kernel (SAT Patch Number 5056)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	medium
57109	SuSE 11.1 Security Update : Linux kernel (SAT Patch Numbers 5031 / 5055)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	medium
56768	Ubuntu 10.04 LTS : linux-lts-backport-natty vulnerabilities (USN-1256-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	critical
56466	Ubuntu 10.10 : linux vulnerabilities (USN-1227-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	critical
56404	RHEL 6 : kernel (RHSA-2011:1350)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	medium
56344	Ubuntu 10.04 LTS : linux-lts-backport-maverick vulnerabilities (USN-1219-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	critical
56343	Ubuntu 10.04 LTS : linux vulnerabilities (USN-1218-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56305	Ubuntu 10.04 LTS : linux-ec2 vulnerabilities (USN-1216-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56257	USN-1212-1 : linux-ti-omap4 vulnerabilities	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56256	Ubuntu 11.04 : linux vulnerabilities (USN-1211-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56207	Ubuntu 10.10 : linux-mvl-dove vulnerabilities (USN-1208-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56192	USN-1204-1 : linux-fsl-imx51 vulnerabilities	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56191	Ubuntu 10.04 LTS : linux-mvl-dove vulnerabilities (USN-1203-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56190	USN-1202-1 : linux-ti-omap4 vulnerabilities	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
56130	Debian DSA-2303-2 : linux-2.6 - privilege escalation/denial of service/information leak	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	critical

Detections

Analytics

CVE-2011-2918

medium

Tenable Plugins

medium

critical

critical

critical

medium

medium

medium

medium

critical

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medium

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high

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critical