According to the versions of the grub2 packages installed, the EulerOS installation on the remote host is affected by the following vulnerabilities :

  - A crafted 16-bit grayscale PNG image may lead to a out-of-bounds write in the heap area. An attacker may     take advantage of that to cause heap data corruption or eventually arbitrary code execution and circumvent     secure boot protections. This issue has a high complexity to be exploited as an attacker needs to perform     some triage over the heap layout to achieve signifcant results, also the values written into the memory     are repeated three times in a row making difficult to produce valid payloads. This flaw affects grub2     versions prior grub-2.12. (CVE-2021-3695)

  - A heap out-of-bounds write may heppen during the handling of Huffman tables in the PNG reader. This may     lead to data corruption in the heap space. Confidentiality, Integrity and Availablity impact may be     considered Low as it's very complex to an attacker control the encoding and positioning of corrupted     Huffman entries to achieve results such as arbitrary code execution and/or secure boot circumvention. This     flaw affects grub2 versions prior grub-2.12. (CVE-2021-3696)

  - A crafted JPEG image may lead the JPEG reader to underflow its data pointer, allowing user-controlled data     to be written in heap. To a successful to be performed the attacker needs to perform some triage over the     heap layout and craft an image with a malicious format and payload. This vulnerability can lead to data     corruption and eventual code execution or secure boot circumvention. This flaw affects grub2 versions     prior grub-2.12. (CVE-2021-3697)

  - grub2: Integer underflow in grub_net_recv_ip4_packets (CVE-2022-28733)

  - grub2: Out-of-bound write when handling split HTTP headers (CVE-2022-28734)

  - grub2: use-after-free in grub_cmd_chainloader() (CVE-2022-28736)

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the EulerOS security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

The remote Alibaba Cloud Linux 3 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ALINUX3-SA-2022:0164 advisory.

    Package updates are available for Alibaba Cloud Linux 3 that fix the following vulnerabilities:

    CVE-2021-3695:
    A crafted 16-bit grayscale PNG image may lead to a out-of-bounds write in the heap area. An attacker may     take advantage of that to cause heap data corruption or eventually arbitrary code execution and circumvent     secure boot protections. This issue has a high complexity to be exploited as an attacker needs to perform     some triage over the heap layout to achieve signifcant results, also the values written into the memory     are repeated three times in a row making difficult to produce valid payloads. This flaw affects grub2     versions prior grub-2.12.

    CVE-2021-3696:
    A heap out-of-bounds write may heppen during the handling of Huffman tables in the PNG reader. This may     lead to data corruption in the heap space. Confidentiality, Integrity and Availablity impact may be     considered Low as it's very complex to an attacker control the encoding and positioning of corrupted     Huffman entries to achieve results such as arbitrary code execution and/or secure boot circumvention. This     flaw affects grub2 versions prior grub-2.12.

    CVE-2021-3697:
    A crafted JPEG image may lead the JPEG reader to underflow its data pointer, allowing user-controlled data     to be written in heap. To a successful to be performed the attacker needs to perform some triage over the     heap layout and craft an image with a malicious format and payload. This vulnerability can lead to data     corruption and eventual code execution or secure boot circumvention. This flaw affects grub2 versions     prior grub-2.12.

    CVE-2022-28733:
    ** RESERVED ** This candidate has been reserved by an organization or individual that will use it when     announcing a new security problem. When the candidate has been publicized, the details for this candidate     will be provided.

    CVE-2022-28734:
    ** RESERVED ** This candidate has been reserved by an organization or individual that will use it when     announcing a new security problem. When the candidate has been publicized, the details for this candidate     will be provided.

    CVE-2022-28735:
    ** RESERVED ** This candidate has been reserved by an organization or individual that will use it when     announcing a new security problem. When the candidate has been publicized, the details for this candidate     will be provided.

    CVE-2022-28736:
    ** RESERVED ** This candidate has been reserved by an organization or individual that will use it when     announcing a new security problem. When the candidate has been publicized, the details for this candidate     will be provided.

    CVE-2022-28737:
    ** RESERVED ** This candidate has been reserved by an organization or individual that will use it when     announcing a new security problem. When the candidate has been publicized, the details for this candidate     will be provided.

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Alibaba Cloud Linux security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

An update of the grub2 package has been released.

It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the ALAS2023-2023-020 advisory.

    A flaw was found in grub 2, where a crafted 16-bit grayscale PNG image may lead to an out-of-bounds write.
    This flaw allows an attacker to corrupt the data on the heap portion of the grub2's memory, leading to     possible code execution and the circumvention of the secure boot mechanism. (CVE-2021-3695)

    A flaw was found in grub2 when handling a PNG image header. When decoding the data contained in the     Huffman table at the PNG file header, an out-of-bounds write may happen on grub's heap. (CVE-2021-3696)

    A flaw was found in grub2 when handling JPEG images. This flaw allows an attacker to craft a malicious     JPEG image, which leads to an underflow on a grub2's internal pointer, leading to a heap-based out-of-     bounds write. Secure-boot mechanisms circumvention and arbitrary code execution may also be achievable.
    (CVE-2021-3697)

    A flaw in grub2 was found where its configuration file, known as grub.cfg, is being created with the wrong     permission set allowing non privileged users to read its content. This represents a low severity     confidentiality issue, as those users can eventually read any encrypted passwords present in grub.cfg.
    (CVE-2021-3981)

    A flaw was found where a maliciously crafted pf2 font could lead to an out-of-bounds write in grub2. A     successful attack can lead to memory corruption and secure boot circumvention. (CVE-2022-2601)

    A flaw was found in grub2 when handling IPv4 packets. This flaw allows an attacker to craft a malicious     packet, triggering an integer underflow in grub code. Consequently, the memory allocation for handling the     packet data may be smaller than the size needed. This issue causes an out-of-bands write during packet     handling, compromising data integrity, confidentiality issues, a denial of service, and remote code     execution. (CVE-2022-28733)

    A flaw was found in grub2 when handling split HTTP headers. While processing a split HTTP header, grub2     wrongly advances its control pointer to the internal buffer by one position, which can lead to an out-of-     bounds write. This flaw allows an attacker to leverage this issue by crafting a malicious set of HTTP     packages making grub2 corrupt its internal memory metadata structure. This leads to data integrity and     confidentiality issues or forces grub to crash, resulting in a denial of service attack. (CVE-2022-28734)

    A flaw was found in grub2. The shim_lock verifier from grub2 allows non-kernel files to be loaded when     secure boot is enabled, giving the possibility of unverified code or modules to be loaded when it should     not be allowed. (CVE-2022-28735)

    A use-after-free vulnerability was found on grub2's chainloader command. This flaw allows an attacker to     gain access to restricted data or cause arbitrary code execution if they can establish control from grub's     memory allocation pattern. (CVE-2022-28736)

    A flaw was found in the grub2 font code. When rendering certain unicode sequences, it fails to properly     validate the font width and height. These values are further used to access the font buffer, causing     possible out-of-bounds writes. A malicious actor may craft a font capable of triggering this issue,     allowing modifications in unauthorized memory segments, causing data integrity problems or leading to     denial of service. (CVE-2022-3775)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the tested product security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The version of AOS installed on the remote host is prior to 6.6.2.6. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the NXSA-AOS-6.6.2.6 advisory.

  - Integer underflow in grub_net_recv_ip4_packets; A malicious crafted IP packet can lead to an integer     underflow in grub_net_recv_ip4_packets() function on rsm->total_len value. Under certain circumstances the     total_len value may end up wrapping around to a small integer number which will be used in memory     allocation. If the attack succeeds in such way, subsequent operations can write past the end of the     buffer. (CVE-2022-28733)

  - Rsyslog is a rocket-fast system for log processing. Modules for TCP syslog reception have a potential heap     buffer overflow when octet-counted framing is used. This can result in a segfault or some other     malfunction. As of our understanding, this vulnerability can not be used for remote code execution. But     there may still be a slight chance for experts to do that. The bug occurs when the octet count is read.
    While there is a check for the maximum number of octets, digits are written to a heap buffer even when the     octet count is over the maximum, This can be used to overrun the memory buffer. However, once the sequence     of digits stop, no additional characters can be added to the buffer. In our opinion, this makes remote     exploits impossible or at least highly complex. Octet-counted framing is one of two potential framing     modes. It is relatively uncommon, but enabled by default on receivers. Modules `imtcp`, `imptcp`,     `imgssapi`, and `imhttp` are used for regular syslog message reception. It is best practice not to     directly expose them to the public. When this practice is followed, the risk is considerably lower. Module     `imdiag` is a diagnostics module primarily intended for testbench runs. We do not expect it to be present     on any production installation. Octet-counted framing is not very common. Usually, it needs to be     specifically enabled at senders. If users do not need it, they can turn it off for the most important     modules. This will mitigate the vulnerability. (CVE-2022-24903)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The version of AOS installed on the remote host is prior to 6.7. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the NXSA-AOS-6.7 advisory.

  - Rsyslog is a rocket-fast system for log processing. Modules for TCP syslog reception have a potential heap     buffer overflow when octet-counted framing is used. This can result in a segfault or some other     malfunction. As of our understanding, this vulnerability can not be used for remote code execution. But     there may still be a slight chance for experts to do that. The bug occurs when the octet count is read.
    While there is a check for the maximum number of octets, digits are written to a heap buffer even when the     octet count is over the maximum, This can be used to overrun the memory buffer. However, once the sequence     of digits stop, no additional characters can be added to the buffer. In our opinion, this makes remote     exploits impossible or at least highly complex. Octet-counted framing is one of two potential framing     modes. It is relatively uncommon, but enabled by default on receivers. Modules `imtcp`, `imptcp`,     `imgssapi`, and `imhttp` are used for regular syslog message reception. It is best practice not to     directly expose them to the public. When this practice is followed, the risk is considerably lower. Module     `imdiag` is a diagnostics module primarily intended for testbench runs. We do not expect it to be present     on any production installation. Octet-counted framing is not very common. Usually, it needs to be     specifically enabled at senders. If users do not need it, they can turn it off for the most important     modules. This will mitigate the vulnerability. (CVE-2022-24903)

  - zlib through 1.2.12 has a heap-based buffer over-read or buffer overflow in inflate in inflate.c via a     large gzip header extra field. NOTE: only applications that call inflateGetHeader are affected. Some     common applications bundle the affected zlib source code but may be unable to call inflateGetHeader (e.g.,     see the nodejs/node reference). (CVE-2022-37434)

  - Apache Commons FileUpload before 1.5 does not limit the number of request parts to be processed resulting     in the possibility of an attacker triggering a DoS with a malicious upload or series of uploads. Note     that, like all of the file upload limits, the new configuration option (FileUploadBase#setFileCountMax) is     not enabled by default and must be explicitly configured. (CVE-2023-24998)

  - A regression in the fix for bug 66512 in Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M5, 10.1.8, 9.0.74 and 8.5.88 meant that, if     a response did not include any HTTP headers no AJP SEND_HEADERS messare woudl be sent for the response     which in turn meant that at least one AJP proxy (mod_proxy_ajp) would use the response headers from the     previous request leading to an information leak. (CVE-2023-34981)

  - An attacker could construct a PKCS 12 cert bundle in such a way that could allow for arbitrary memory     writes via PKCS 12 Safe Bag attributes being mishandled. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 110,     Thunderbird < 102.8, and Firefox ESR < 102.8. (CVE-2023-0767)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote CentOS Linux 7 host has packages installed that are affected by a vulnerability as referenced in the RHSA-2022:8900 advisory.

  - Integer underflow in grub_net_recv_ip4_packets; A malicious crafted IP packet can lead to an integer     underflow in grub_net_recv_ip4_packets() function on rsm->total_len value. Under certain circumstances the     total_len value may end up wrapping around to a small integer number which will be used in memory     allocation. If the attack succeeds in such way, subsequent operations can write past the end of the     buffer. (CVE-2022-28733)

Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Published	Updated	Severity
164240	EulerOS 2.0 SP8 : grub2 (EulerOS-SA-2022-2221)	Nessus	Huawei Local Security Checks	8/17/2022	1/18/2024	high
165034	EulerOS 2.0 SP9 : grub2 (EulerOS-SA-2022-2318)	Nessus	Huawei Local Security Checks	9/14/2022	1/18/2024	high
165058	EulerOS 2.0 SP9 : grub2 (EulerOS-SA-2022-2289)	Nessus	Huawei Local Security Checks	9/14/2022	1/18/2024	high
236637	Alibaba Cloud Linux 3 : 0164: grub2, mokutil, shim, and shim-unsigned-x64 (ALINUX3-SA-2022:0164)	Nessus	Alibaba Cloud Linux Local Security Checks	5/14/2025	5/14/2025	high
233769	Photon OS 5.0: Grub2 PHSA-2025-5.0-0477	Nessus	PhotonOS Local Security Checks	4/2/2025	4/2/2025	high
173192	Amazon Linux 2023 : grub2-common, grub2-efi-aa64, grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot (ALAS2023-2023-020)	Nessus	Amazon Linux Local Security Checks	3/21/2023	12/11/2024	high
178216	Nutanix AOS : Multiple Vulnerabilities (NXSA-AOS-6.6.2.6)	Nessus	Misc.	7/12/2023	2/17/2025	high
180467	Nutanix AOS : Multiple Vulnerabilities (NXSA-AOS-6.7)	Nessus	Misc.	9/4/2023	3/10/2026	critical
208483	CentOS 7 : grub2 (RHSA-2022:8900)	Nessus	CentOS Local Security Checks	10/9/2024	10/9/2024	high

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