In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Keep refcount_acquire nullable for borrowed RCU kptrs bpf_refcount_acquire() is fallible for a borrowed reference because the object may have reached a zero refcount. The verifier therefore keeps KF_RET_NULL on the return value unless the argument is an owning reference. An RCU-protected load of a local kptr is marked MEM_ALLOC, but it only receives NON_OWN_REF when the pointee contains a graph node. A refcounted object without a graph node consequently looks like an owning reference even though the loaded register has no acquired reference state. If the program drops the last real reference while remaining in the RCU critical section, refcount_inc_not_zero() returns NULL while the verifier treats the result as non-NULL. Only classify the argument as owning when it is backed by a verifier-tracked reference. This retains the non-NULL return for pointers from bpf_obj_new(), bpf_kptr_xchg(), or an earlier successful acquisition, while requiring a NULL check for borrowed RCU kptrs. [ kkd: Rewrote commit log ]

The Rocky Linux 9.6 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the TuxCare ALMALINUX9.6:CLSA-2026:1793100968 advisory.

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: udf: Avoid double brelse() in     udf_rename() syzbot reported a warning like below [1]: VFS: brelse: Trying to free free buffer WARNING:
    CPU: 2 PID: 7301 at fs/buffer.c:1145 __brelse+0x67/0xa0 ... Call Trace: <TASK>     invalidate_bh_lru+0x99/0x150 smp_call_function_many_cond+0xe2a/0x10c0 ?     generic_remap_file_range_prep+0x50/0x50 ? __brelse+0xa0/0xa0 ? __mutex_lock+0x21c/0x12d0 ?     smp_call_on_cpu+0x250/0x250 ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0xb/0x60 ? lock_release+0x587/0x810 ?
    __brelse+0xa0/0xa0 ? generic_remap_file_range_prep+0x50/0x50 on_each_cpu_cond_mask+0x3c/0x80     blkdev_flush_mapping+0x13a/0x2f0 blkdev_put_whole+0xd3/0xf0 blkdev_put+0x222/0x760     deactivate_locked_super+0x96/0x160 deactivate_super+0xda/0x100 cleanup_mnt+0x222/0x3d0     task_work_run+0x149/0x240 ? task_work_cancel+0x30/0x30 do_exit+0xb29/0x2a40 ?     reacquire_held_locks+0x4a0/0x4a0 ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x12a/0x2b0 ? mm_update_next_owner+0x7c0/0x7c0 ?     rwlock_bug.part.0+0x90/0x90 ? zap_other_threads+0x234/0x2d0 do_group_exit+0xd0/0x2a0
    __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3a/0x50 do_syscall_64+0x34/0xb0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd The cause     of the issue is that brelse() is called on both ofibh.sbh and ofibh.ebh by udf_find_entry() when it     returns NULL. However, brelse() is called by udf_rename(), too. So, b_count on buffer_head becomes     unbalanced. This patch fixes the issue by not calling brelse() by udf_rename() when udf_find_entry()     returns NULL. (CVE-2022-50755)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: soc: qcom: qmi_encdec: Restrict string     length in decode The QMI TLV value for strings in a lot of qmi element info structures account for null     terminated strings with MAX_LEN + 1. If a string is actually MAX_LEN + 1 length, this will cause an out of     bounds access when the NULL character is appended in decoding. (CVE-2023-53729)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: isotp: check CAN address family     in isotp_bind() Add missing check to block non-AF_CAN binds. Syzbot created some code which matched the     right sockaddr struct size but used AF_XDP (0x2C) instead of AF_CAN (0x1D) in the address family field:
    bind$xdp(r2, &(0x7f0000000540)={0x2c, 0x0, r4, 0x0, r2}, 0x10) ^^^^ This has no funtional impact but the     userspace should be notified about the wrong address family field content. (CVE-2023-54105)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: rndis_host: Secure rndis_query     check against int overflow Variables off and len typed as uint32 in rndis_query function are controlled by     incoming RNDIS response message thus their value may be manipulated. Setting off to a unexpectetly large     value will cause the sum with len and 8 to overflow and pass the implemented validation step. Consequently     the response pointer will be referring to a location past the expected buffer boundaries allowing     information leakage e.g. via RNDIS_OID_802_3_PERMANENT_ADDRESS OID. (CVE-2023-54110)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mtd: spi-nor: Fix shift-out-of-bounds     in spi_nor_set_erase_type spi_nor_set_erase_type() was used either to set or to mask out an erase type.
    When we used it to mask out an erase type a shift-out-of-bounds was hit: UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in     drivers/mtd/spi-nor/core.c:2237:24 shift exponent 4294967295 is too large for 32-bit type 'int' The     setting of the size_{shift, mask} and of the opcode are unnecessary when the erase size is zero, as     throughout the code just the erase size is considered to determine whether an erase type is supported or     not. Setting the opcode to 0xFF was wrong too as nobody guarantees that 0xFF is an unused opcode. Thus     when masking out an erase type, just set the erase size to zero. This will fix the shift-out-of-bounds.
    [ta: refine changes, new commit message, fix compilation error] (CVE-2023-54295)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The AlmaLinux 9.6 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the TuxCare ALMALINUX9.6:CLSA-2026:1793100968 advisory.

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: udf: Avoid double brelse() in     udf_rename() syzbot reported a warning like below [1]: VFS: brelse: Trying to free free buffer WARNING:
    CPU: 2 PID: 7301 at fs/buffer.c:1145 __brelse+0x67/0xa0 ... Call Trace: <TASK>     invalidate_bh_lru+0x99/0x150 smp_call_function_many_cond+0xe2a/0x10c0 ?     generic_remap_file_range_prep+0x50/0x50 ? __brelse+0xa0/0xa0 ? __mutex_lock+0x21c/0x12d0 ?     smp_call_on_cpu+0x250/0x250 ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0xb/0x60 ? lock_release+0x587/0x810 ?
    __brelse+0xa0/0xa0 ? generic_remap_file_range_prep+0x50/0x50 on_each_cpu_cond_mask+0x3c/0x80     blkdev_flush_mapping+0x13a/0x2f0 blkdev_put_whole+0xd3/0xf0 blkdev_put+0x222/0x760     deactivate_locked_super+0x96/0x160 deactivate_super+0xda/0x100 cleanup_mnt+0x222/0x3d0     task_work_run+0x149/0x240 ? task_work_cancel+0x30/0x30 do_exit+0xb29/0x2a40 ?     reacquire_held_locks+0x4a0/0x4a0 ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x12a/0x2b0 ? mm_update_next_owner+0x7c0/0x7c0 ?     rwlock_bug.part.0+0x90/0x90 ? zap_other_threads+0x234/0x2d0 do_group_exit+0xd0/0x2a0
    __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3a/0x50 do_syscall_64+0x34/0xb0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd The cause     of the issue is that brelse() is called on both ofibh.sbh and ofibh.ebh by udf_find_entry() when it     returns NULL. However, brelse() is called by udf_rename(), too. So, b_count on buffer_head becomes     unbalanced. This patch fixes the issue by not calling brelse() by udf_rename() when udf_find_entry()     returns NULL. (CVE-2022-50755)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: soc: qcom: qmi_encdec: Restrict string     length in decode The QMI TLV value for strings in a lot of qmi element info structures account for null     terminated strings with MAX_LEN + 1. If a string is actually MAX_LEN + 1 length, this will cause an out of     bounds access when the NULL character is appended in decoding. (CVE-2023-53729)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: isotp: check CAN address family     in isotp_bind() Add missing check to block non-AF_CAN binds. Syzbot created some code which matched the     right sockaddr struct size but used AF_XDP (0x2C) instead of AF_CAN (0x1D) in the address family field:
    bind$xdp(r2, &(0x7f0000000540)={0x2c, 0x0, r4, 0x0, r2}, 0x10) ^^^^ This has no funtional impact but the     userspace should be notified about the wrong address family field content. (CVE-2023-54105)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: rndis_host: Secure rndis_query     check against int overflow Variables off and len typed as uint32 in rndis_query function are controlled by     incoming RNDIS response message thus their value may be manipulated. Setting off to a unexpectetly large     value will cause the sum with len and 8 to overflow and pass the implemented validation step. Consequently     the response pointer will be referring to a location past the expected buffer boundaries allowing     information leakage e.g. via RNDIS_OID_802_3_PERMANENT_ADDRESS OID. (CVE-2023-54110)

  - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mtd: spi-nor: Fix shift-out-of-bounds     in spi_nor_set_erase_type spi_nor_set_erase_type() was used either to set or to mask out an erase type.
    When we used it to mask out an erase type a shift-out-of-bounds was hit: UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in     drivers/mtd/spi-nor/core.c:2237:24 shift exponent 4294967295 is too large for 32-bit type 'int' The     setting of the size_{shift, mask} and of the opcode are unnecessary when the erase size is zero, as     throughout the code just the erase size is considered to determine whether an erase type is supported or     not. Setting the opcode to 0xFF was wrong too as nobody guarantees that 0xFF is an unused opcode. Thus     when masking out an erase type, just set the erase size to zero. This will fix the shift-out-of-bounds.
    [ta: refine changes, new commit message, fix compilation error] (CVE-2023-54295)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied patch available.

  - bpf: Keep refcount_acquire nullable for borrowed RCU kptrs bpf_refcount_acquire() is fallible for a     borrowed reference because the object may have reached a zero refcount. The verifier therefore keeps     KF_RET_NULL on the return value unless the argument is an owning reference. An RCU-protected load of a     local kptr is marked MEM_ALLOC, but it only receives NON_OWN_REF when the pointee contains a graph node. A     refcounted object without a graph node consequently looks like an owning reference even though the loaded     register has no acquired reference state. If the program drops the last real reference while remaining in     the RCU critical section, refcount_inc_not_zero() returns NULL while the verifier treats the result as     non-NULL. Only classify the argument as owning when it is backed by a verifier-tracked reference. This     retains the non-NULL return for pointers from bpf_obj_new(), bpf_kptr_xchg(), or an earlier successful     acquisition, while requiring a NULL check for borrowed RCU kptrs. [ kkd: Rewrote commit log ]     (CVE-2026-98038)

Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Type	Severity
373068	Rocky Linux 9.6 [TuxCare] Security Update: kernel / kernel-64k / kernel-64k-core / kernel-64k-debug / etc Multiple Vulnerabilities (ALMALINUX9.6:CLSA-2026:1793100968)	Nessus	Rocky Linux Local Security Checks	Local	high
373062	AlmaLinux 9.6 [TuxCare] Security Update: kernel / kernel-64k / kernel-64k-core / kernel-64k-debug / etc Multiple Vulnerabilities (ALMALINUX9.6:CLSA-2026:1793100968)	Nessus	Alma Linux Local Security Checks	Local	high
350331	Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2026-98038	Nessus	Misc.	Local	medium

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CVE-2026-98038

medium

Tenable Plugins

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high

medium