In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: invalidate dentry cache on failed whiteout creation F2FS can mount filesystems with corrupted directory depth values that get runtime-clamped to MAX_DIR_HASH_DEPTH. When RENAME_WHITEOUT operations are performed on such directories, f2fs_rename performs directory modifications (updating target entry and deleting source entry) before attempting to add the whiteout entry via f2fs_add_link. If f2fs_add_link fails due to the corrupted directory structure, the function returns an error to VFS, but the partial directory modifications have already been committed to disk. VFS assumes the entire rename operation failed and does not update the dentry cache, leaving stale mappings. In the error path, VFS does not call d_move() to update the dentry cache. This results in new_dentry still pointing to the old inode (new_inode) which has already had its i_nlink decremented to zero. The stale cache causes subsequent operations to incorrectly reference the freed inode. This causes subsequent operations to use cached dentry information that no longer matches the on-disk state. When a second rename targets the same entry, VFS attempts to decrement i_nlink on the stale inode, which may already have i_nlink=0, triggering a WARNING in drop_nlink(). Example sequence: 1. First rename (RENAME_WHITEOUT): file2 → file1 - f2fs updates file1 entry on disk (points to inode 8) - f2fs deletes file2 entry on disk - f2fs_add_link(whiteout) fails (corrupted directory) - Returns error to VFS - VFS does not call d_move() due to error - VFS cache still has: file1 → inode 7 (stale!) - inode 7 has i_nlink=0 (already decremented) 2. Second rename: file3 → file1 - VFS uses stale cache: file1 → inode 7 - Tries to drop_nlink on inode 7 (i_nlink already 0) - WARNING in drop_nlink() Fix this by explicitly invalidating old_dentry and new_dentry when f2fs_add_link fails during whiteout creation. This forces VFS to refresh from disk on subsequent operations, ensuring cache consistency even when the rename partially succeeds. Reproducer: 1. Mount F2FS image with corrupted i_current_depth 2. renameat2(file2, file1, RENAME_WHITEOUT) 3. renameat2(file3, file1, 0) 4. System triggers WARNING in drop_nlink()

The remote Debian 12 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dsa-6127 advisory.

    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian Security Advisory DSA-6127-1                   security@debian.org     https://www.debian.org/security/                     Salvatore Bonaccorso     February 09, 2026                     https://www.debian.org/security/faq
    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : linux     CVE ID         : CVE-2023-52658 CVE-2023-53421 CVE-2023-54285 CVE-2024-42079                      CVE-2024-46786 CVE-2024-49968 CVE-2025-21946 CVE-2025-22022                      CVE-2025-22083 CVE-2025-22090 CVE-2025-22107 CVE-2025-22111                      CVE-2025-22121 CVE-2025-37926 CVE-2025-38022 CVE-2025-38104                      CVE-2025-38125 CVE-2025-38129 CVE-2025-38232 CVE-2025-38361                      CVE-2025-38408 CVE-2025-38591 CVE-2025-38718 CVE-2025-39721                      CVE-2025-39871 CVE-2025-40039 CVE-2025-40110 CVE-2025-40149                      CVE-2025-40164 CVE-2025-40215 CVE-2025-68211 CVE-2025-68223                      CVE-2025-68254 CVE-2025-68255 CVE-2025-68256 CVE-2025-68257                      CVE-2025-68258 CVE-2025-68259 CVE-2025-68261 CVE-2025-68263                      CVE-2025-68264 CVE-2025-68266 CVE-2025-68291 CVE-2025-68325                      CVE-2025-68332 CVE-2025-68335 CVE-2025-68336 CVE-2025-68337                      CVE-2025-68340 CVE-2025-68344 CVE-2025-68345 CVE-2025-68346                      CVE-2025-68347 CVE-2025-68349 CVE-2025-68354 CVE-2025-68362                      CVE-2025-68363 CVE-2025-68364 CVE-2025-68365 CVE-2025-68366                      CVE-2025-68367 CVE-2025-68369 CVE-2025-68371 CVE-2025-68372                      CVE-2025-68380 CVE-2025-68724 CVE-2025-68725 CVE-2025-68727                      CVE-2025-68728 CVE-2025-68732 CVE-2025-68733 CVE-2025-68740                      CVE-2025-68742 CVE-2025-68746 CVE-2025-68753 CVE-2025-68757                      CVE-2025-68758 CVE-2025-68759 CVE-2025-68764 CVE-2025-68765                      CVE-2025-68766 CVE-2025-68767 CVE-2025-68769 CVE-2025-68771                      CVE-2025-68772 CVE-2025-68773 CVE-2025-68774 CVE-2025-68776                      CVE-2025-68777 CVE-2025-68778 CVE-2025-68780 CVE-2025-68781                      CVE-2025-68782 CVE-2025-68783 CVE-2025-68785 CVE-2025-68786                      CVE-2025-68787 CVE-2025-68788 CVE-2025-68789 CVE-2025-68795                      CVE-2025-68796 CVE-2025-68797 CVE-2025-68798 CVE-2025-68799                      CVE-2025-68800 CVE-2025-68801 CVE-2025-68803 CVE-2025-68804                      CVE-2025-68806 CVE-2025-68808 CVE-2025-68813 CVE-2025-68814                      CVE-2025-68815 CVE-2025-68816 CVE-2025-68817 CVE-2025-68818                      CVE-2025-68819 CVE-2025-68820 CVE-2025-68821 CVE-2025-71064                      CVE-2025-71066 CVE-2025-71069 CVE-2025-71071 CVE-2025-71075                      CVE-2025-71077 CVE-2025-71078 CVE-2025-71079 CVE-2025-71081                      CVE-2025-71082 CVE-2025-71083 CVE-2025-71084 CVE-2025-71085                      CVE-2025-71086 CVE-2025-71087 CVE-2025-71088 CVE-2025-71091                      CVE-2025-71093 CVE-2025-71094 CVE-2025-71095 CVE-2025-71096                      CVE-2025-71097 CVE-2025-71098 CVE-2025-71102 CVE-2025-71104                      CVE-2025-71105 CVE-2025-71108 CVE-2025-71111 CVE-2025-71112                      CVE-2025-71113 CVE-2025-71114 CVE-2025-71116 CVE-2025-71118                      CVE-2025-71119 CVE-2025-71120 CVE-2025-71121 CVE-2025-71123                      CVE-2025-71125 CVE-2025-71126 CVE-2025-71127 CVE-2025-71130                      CVE-2025-71131 CVE-2025-71132 CVE-2025-71133 CVE-2025-71136                      CVE-2025-71137 CVE-2025-71147 CVE-2025-71149 CVE-2025-71150                      CVE-2025-71154 CVE-2025-71162 CVE-2025-71163 CVE-2025-71180                      CVE-2025-71182 CVE-2025-71183 CVE-2025-71185 CVE-2025-71186                      CVE-2025-71189 CVE-2025-71190 CVE-2025-71191 CVE-2025-71192                      CVE-2025-71194 CVE-2025-71196 CVE-2025-71197 CVE-2025-71199                      CVE-2026-22976 CVE-2026-22977 CVE-2026-22978 CVE-2026-22979                      CVE-2026-22980 CVE-2026-22982 CVE-2026-22984 CVE-2026-22990                      CVE-2026-22991 CVE-2026-22992 CVE-2026-22994 CVE-2026-22997                      CVE-2026-22998 CVE-2026-22999 CVE-2026-23001 CVE-2026-23003                      CVE-2026-23005 CVE-2026-23006 CVE-2026-23010 CVE-2026-23011                      CVE-2026-23019 CVE-2026-23020 CVE-2026-23021 CVE-2026-23025                      CVE-2026-23026 CVE-2026-23030 CVE-2026-23031 CVE-2026-23033                      CVE-2026-23037 CVE-2026-23038 CVE-2026-23047 CVE-2026-23049                      CVE-2026-23054 CVE-2026-23056 CVE-2026-23058 CVE-2026-23060                      CVE-2026-23061 CVE-2026-23063 CVE-2026-23064 CVE-2026-23068                      CVE-2026-23069 CVE-2026-23071 CVE-2026-23073 CVE-2026-23074                      CVE-2026-23075 CVE-2026-23076 CVE-2026-23078 CVE-2026-23080                      CVE-2026-23083 CVE-2026-23084 CVE-2026-23085 CVE-2026-23086                      CVE-2026-23087 CVE-2026-23089 CVE-2026-23090 CVE-2026-23091                      CVE-2026-23093 CVE-2026-23095 CVE-2026-23096 CVE-2026-23097                      CVE-2026-23098 CVE-2026-23099 CVE-2026-23101 CVE-2026-23102                      CVE-2026-23103 CVE-2026-23105 CVE-2026-23107 CVE-2026-23108                      CVE-2026-23110

    Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux kernel that     may lead to a privilege escalation, denial of service or information     leaks.

    For the oldstable distribution (bookworm), these problems have been fixed     in version 6.1.162-1.

    We recommend that you upgrade your linux packages.

    For the detailed security status of linux please refer to its security     tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/linux

    Further information about Debian Security Advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://www.debian.org/security/

    Mailing list: debian-security-announce@lists.debian.org

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Debian 13 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dsa-6126 advisory.

    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian Security Advisory DSA-6126-1                   security@debian.org     https://www.debian.org/security/                     Salvatore Bonaccorso     February 09, 2026                     https://www.debian.org/security/faq
    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : linux     CVE ID         : CVE-2024-58096 CVE-2024-58097 CVE-2025-22111 CVE-2025-38234                      CVE-2025-38248 CVE-2025-38591 CVE-2025-39872 CVE-2025-40149                      CVE-2025-40164 CVE-2025-40170 CVE-2025-40276 CVE-2025-40325                      CVE-2025-68206 CVE-2025-68333 CVE-2025-68345 CVE-2025-68351                      CVE-2025-68357 CVE-2025-68358 CVE-2025-68365 CVE-2025-68725                      CVE-2025-68749 CVE-2025-68767 CVE-2025-68769 CVE-2025-68770                      CVE-2025-68771 CVE-2025-68772 CVE-2025-68773 CVE-2025-68774                      CVE-2025-68775 CVE-2025-68776 CVE-2025-68777 CVE-2025-68778                      CVE-2025-68780 CVE-2025-68781 CVE-2025-68782 CVE-2025-68783                      CVE-2025-68784 CVE-2025-68785 CVE-2025-68786 CVE-2025-68787                      CVE-2025-68788 CVE-2025-68789 CVE-2025-68792 CVE-2025-68794                      CVE-2025-68795 CVE-2025-68796 CVE-2025-68797 CVE-2025-68798                      CVE-2025-68799 CVE-2025-68800 CVE-2025-68801 CVE-2025-68802                      CVE-2025-68803 CVE-2025-68804 CVE-2025-68806 CVE-2025-68808                      CVE-2025-68809 CVE-2025-68810 CVE-2025-68811 CVE-2025-68813                      CVE-2025-68814 CVE-2025-68815 CVE-2025-68816 CVE-2025-68817                      CVE-2025-68818 CVE-2025-68819 CVE-2025-68820 CVE-2025-68821                      CVE-2025-68822 CVE-2025-71064 CVE-2025-71065 CVE-2025-71066                      CVE-2025-71067 CVE-2025-71068 CVE-2025-71069 CVE-2025-71071                      CVE-2025-71072 CVE-2025-71073 CVE-2025-71075 CVE-2025-71076                      CVE-2025-71077 CVE-2025-71078 CVE-2025-71079 CVE-2025-71080                      CVE-2025-71081 CVE-2025-71082 CVE-2025-71083 CVE-2025-71084                      CVE-2025-71085 CVE-2025-71086 CVE-2025-71087 CVE-2025-71088                      CVE-2025-71089 CVE-2025-71091 CVE-2025-71093 CVE-2025-71094                      CVE-2025-71095 CVE-2025-71096 CVE-2025-71097 CVE-2025-71098                      CVE-2025-71099 CVE-2025-71100 CVE-2025-71101 CVE-2025-71102                      CVE-2025-71104 CVE-2025-71105 CVE-2025-71107 CVE-2025-71108                      CVE-2025-71109 CVE-2025-71111 CVE-2025-71112 CVE-2025-71113                      CVE-2025-71114 CVE-2025-71116 CVE-2025-71118 CVE-2025-71119                      CVE-2025-71120 CVE-2025-71121 CVE-2025-71122 CVE-2025-71123                      CVE-2025-71125 CVE-2025-71126 CVE-2025-71127 CVE-2025-71129                      CVE-2025-71130 CVE-2025-71131 CVE-2025-71132 CVE-2025-71133                      CVE-2025-71134 CVE-2025-71135 CVE-2025-71136 CVE-2025-71137                      CVE-2025-71138 CVE-2025-71140 CVE-2025-71143 CVE-2025-71144                      CVE-2025-71146 CVE-2025-71147 CVE-2025-71148 CVE-2025-71149                      CVE-2025-71150 CVE-2025-71151 CVE-2025-71153 CVE-2025-71154                      CVE-2025-71156 CVE-2025-71157 CVE-2025-71160 CVE-2025-71162                      CVE-2025-71163 CVE-2025-71180 CVE-2025-71182 CVE-2025-71183                      CVE-2025-71184 CVE-2025-71185 CVE-2025-71186 CVE-2025-71189                      CVE-2025-71190 CVE-2025-71191 CVE-2025-71192 CVE-2025-71193                      CVE-2025-71194 CVE-2025-71195 CVE-2025-71196 CVE-2025-71197                      CVE-2025-71198 CVE-2025-71199 CVE-2026-22976 CVE-2026-22977                      CVE-2026-22978 CVE-2026-22979 CVE-2026-22980 CVE-2026-22982                      CVE-2026-22984 CVE-2026-22989 CVE-2026-22990 CVE-2026-22991                      CVE-2026-22992 CVE-2026-22994 CVE-2026-22996 CVE-2026-22997                      CVE-2026-22998 CVE-2026-22999 CVE-2026-23000 CVE-2026-23001                      CVE-2026-23002 CVE-2026-23003 CVE-2026-23005 CVE-2026-23006                      CVE-2026-23010 CVE-2026-23011 CVE-2026-23013 CVE-2026-23019                      CVE-2026-23020 CVE-2026-23021 CVE-2026-23023 CVE-2026-23025                      CVE-2026-23026 CVE-2026-23030 CVE-2026-23031 CVE-2026-23032                      CVE-2026-23033 CVE-2026-23035 CVE-2026-23037 CVE-2026-23038                      CVE-2026-23047 CVE-2026-23049 CVE-2026-23050 CVE-2026-23053                      CVE-2026-23054 CVE-2026-23055 CVE-2026-23056 CVE-2026-23057                      CVE-2026-23058 CVE-2026-23059 CVE-2026-23060 CVE-2026-23061                      CVE-2026-23062 CVE-2026-23063 CVE-2026-23064 CVE-2026-23065                      CVE-2026-23068 CVE-2026-23069 CVE-2026-23071 CVE-2026-23072                      CVE-2026-23073 CVE-2026-23074 CVE-2026-23075 CVE-2026-23076                      CVE-2026-23078 CVE-2026-23080 CVE-2026-23083 CVE-2026-23084                      CVE-2026-23085 CVE-2026-23086 CVE-2026-23087 CVE-2026-23088                      CVE-2026-23089 CVE-2026-23090 CVE-2026-23091 CVE-2026-23093                      CVE-2026-23094 CVE-2026-23095 CVE-2026-23096 CVE-2026-23097                      CVE-2026-23098 CVE-2026-23099 CVE-2026-23101 CVE-2026-23103                      CVE-2026-23105 CVE-2026-23107 CVE-2026-23108 CVE-2026-23110

    Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux kernel that     may lead to a privilege escalation, denial of service or information     leaks.

    For the stable distribution (trixie), these problems have been fixed in     version 6.12.69-1.

    We recommend that you upgrade your linux packages.

    For the detailed security status of linux please refer to its security     tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/linux

    Further information about Debian Security Advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://www.debian.org/security/

    Mailing list: debian-security-announce@lists.debian.org

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied patch available.

  - f2fs: invalidate dentry cache on failed whiteout creation F2FS can mount filesystems with corrupted     directory depth values that get runtime-clamped to MAX_DIR_HASH_DEPTH. When RENAME_WHITEOUT operations are     performed on such directories, f2fs_rename performs directory modifications (updating target entry and     deleting source entry) before attempting to add the whiteout entry via f2fs_add_link. If f2fs_add_link     fails due to the corrupted directory structure, the function returns an error to VFS, but the partial     directory modifications have already been committed to disk. VFS assumes the entire rename operation     failed and does not update the dentry cache, leaving stale mappings. In the error path, VFS does not call     d_move() to update the dentry cache. This results in new_dentry still pointing to the old inode     (new_inode) which has already had its i_nlink decremented to zero. The stale cache causes subsequent     operations to incorrectly reference the freed inode. This causes subsequent operations to use cached     dentry information that no longer matches the on-disk state. When a second rename targets the same entry,     VFS attempts to decrement i_nlink on the stale inode, which may already have i_nlink=0, triggering a     WARNING in drop_nlink(). Example sequence: 1. First rename (RENAME_WHITEOUT): file2  file1 - f2fs updates     file1 entry on disk (points to inode 8) - f2fs deletes file2 entry on disk - f2fs_add_link(whiteout) fails     (corrupted directory) - Returns error to VFS - VFS does not call d_move() due to error - VFS cache still     has: file1  inode 7 (stale!) - inode 7 has i_nlink=0 (already decremented) 2. Second rename: file3     file1 - VFS uses stale cache: file1  inode 7 - Tries to drop_nlink on inode 7 (i_nlink already 0) -     WARNING in drop_nlink() Fix this by explicitly invalidating old_dentry and new_dentry when f2fs_add_link     fails during whiteout creation. This forces VFS to refresh from disk on subsequent operations, ensuring     cache consistency even when the rename partially succeeds. Reproducer: 1. Mount F2FS image with corrupted     i_current_depth 2. renameat2(file2, file1, RENAME_WHITEOUT) 3. renameat2(file3, file1, 0) 4. System     triggers WARNING in drop_nlink() (CVE-2025-71069)

Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Severity
298404	Debian dsa-6127 : affs-modules-6.1.0-37-4kc-malta-di - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	high
298403	Debian dsa-6126 : ata-modules-6.12.31-armmp-di - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	high
283642	Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2025-71069	Nessus	Misc.	medium

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