ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied patch available.

  - ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An     authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a     parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different     document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature     Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
    (CVE-2025-25291)

Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.

The remote Debian 11 host has a package installed that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dla-4115 advisory.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian LTS Advisory DLA-4115-1                debian-lts@lists.debian.org     https://www.debian.org/lts/security/                       Daniel Leidert     April 05, 2025                                https://wiki.debian.org/LTS
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : ruby-saml     Version        : 1.11.0-1+deb11u2     CVE ID         : CVE-2025-25291 CVE-2025-25292 CVE-2025-25293     Debian Bug     : 1100441

    Multiple vulnerabilities have been detected in ruby-saml, a library for     implementing the client side of a SAML authorization.

    CVE-2025-25291 and CVE-2025-25292

       ruby-saml is susceptible to an authentication bypass vulnerability.

    CVE-2025-25293

       ruby-saml is susceptible to a Zlib deflate decompression bomb and a        remote Denial of Service (DoS) caused by compressed SAML responses.

    For Debian 11 bullseye, these problems have been fixed in version     1.11.0-1+deb11u2.

    We recommend that you upgrade your ruby-saml packages.

    For the detailed security status of ruby-saml please refer to     its security tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/ruby-saml

    Further information about Debian LTS security advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://wiki.debian.org/LTS     Attachment:
    signature.asc     Description: This is a digitally signed message part

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Ubuntu 16.04 LTS / 18.04 LTS / 20.04 LTS / 22.04 LTS / 24.04 LTS / 24.10 host has a package installed that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the USN-7409-1 advisory.

    It was discovered that ruby-saml did not correctly handle XML parsing. An attacker could possibly use this     issue to perform a signature

    wrapping attack and bypass authentication. (CVE-2025-25291

    and CVE-2025-25292)

    It was discovered that ruby-saml did not correctly handle decompressing SAML responses. An attacker could     possibly use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2025-25293)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The version of FreeBSD installed on the remote host is prior to tested version. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the a435609c-ffd5-11ef-b4e4-2cf05da270f3 advisory.

    Gitlab reports:
    CVE-2025-25291 and CVE-2025-25292 (third party gem ruby-saml)     CVE-2025-27407 (third party gem graphql)     Denial of Service Due to Inefficient Processing of Untrusted Input     Credentials disclosed when repository mirroring fails     Denial of Service Vulnerability in GitLab Approval Rules due to Unbounded Field     Internal Notes in Merge Requests Are Emailed to Non-Members Upon Review Submission     Maintainer can inject shell code in Google integrations     Guest with custom Admin group member permissions can approve the users invitation despite user caps

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the FreeBSD security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Severity
251564	Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2025-25291	Nessus	Misc.	critical
233876	Debian dla-4115 : ruby-saml - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	high
233790	Ubuntu 16.04 LTS / 18.04 LTS / 20.04 LTS / 22.04 LTS / 24.04 LTS / 24.10 : RubySAML vulnerabilities (USN-7409-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	high
232721	FreeBSD : Gitlab -- Vulnerabilities (a435609c-ffd5-11ef-b4e4-2cf05da270f3)	Nessus	FreeBSD Local Security Checks	high

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CVE-2025-25291

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