In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8, when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows, if the system is set up to use certain code pages, Windows may use "Best-Fit" behavior to replace characters in command line given to Win32 API functions. PHP CGI module may misinterpret those characters as PHP options, which may allow a malicious user to pass options to PHP binary being run, and thus reveal the source code of scripts, run arbitrary PHP code on the server, etc.
https://securelist.com/vulnerability-exploit-report-q2-2024/113455/
https://thehackernews.com/2024/08/hackers-exploit-php-vulnerability-to.html
https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/threat-intelligence/taiwan-malware-dns
https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/2024-php-exploit-cve-one-day-after-disclosure
https://blog.orange.tw/2024/06/cve-2024-4577-yet-another-php-rce.html
https://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php#8.3.8
https://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php#8.2.20
https://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php#8.1.29
https://www.imperva.com/blog/imperva-protects-against-critical-php-vulnerability-cve-2024-4577/
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0008/
https://labs.watchtowr.com/no-way-php-strikes-again-cve-2024-4577/
https://isc.sans.edu/diary/30994
https://github.com/xcanwin/CVE-2024-4577-PHP-RCE
https://github.com/watchtowrlabs/CVE-2024-4577
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/19247
https://github.com/php/php-src/security/advisories/GHSA-3qgc-jrrr-25jv
https://github.com/11whoami99/CVE-2024-4577
https://cert.be/en/advisory/warning-php-remote-code-execution-patch-immediately