libpcap BPF interpreter treats the offset in the 'ja L' BPF instruction as a signed integer to implement looping via backward jumps, but it does not limit the number of loop iterations. In particular uncommon use cases a crafted filter program can cause the interpreter to loop infinitely.
https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/libpcap/commit/ff3c83475ac303c6b681c52ad0b6e14795a8e0ce