Composer is a dependency Manager for the PHP language. Prior to 2.2.29 and 2.10.2, a maliciously crafted package from an untrusted repository other than Packagist.org or Private Packagist can cause Composer to write attacker-controlled files outside the vendor directory and outside the project during install or update by using an invalid package name that is not correctly validated before dependency-resolution results are written or installed. This issue is fixed in versions 2.2.29 and 2.10.2.
https://github.com/composer/composer/security/advisories/GHSA-499r-g7pc-vmp9
https://github.com/composer/composer/releases/tag/2.2.29
https://github.com/composer/composer/releases/tag/2.10.2
https://github.com/composer/composer/commit/c50b1efd13ebd73f6dca19b31424c5a02bf93cc1
https://github.com/composer/composer/commit/502c6c4f699802d9cf464728b3e8a95674f919a0