ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.

The remote Debian 13 host has a package installed that is affected by a vulnerability as referenced in the dsa-6547 advisory.

    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian Security Advisory DSA-6547-1                   security@debian.org     https://www.debian.org/security/                       Moritz Muehlenhoff     October 06, 2026                      https://www.debian.org/security/faq
    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : ruby-jwt     CVE ID         : CVE-2026-45363

    It was discovered that ruby-jwt, a JSON Web Token implementation in     Ruby, insufficiently validated the HMAC of some tokens.

    For the stable distribution (trixie), this problem has been fixed in     version 2.7.1-1+deb13u1.

    We recommend that you upgrade your ruby-jwt packages.

    For the detailed security status of ruby-jwt please refer to     its security tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/ruby-jwt

    Further information about Debian Security Advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://www.debian.org/security/

    Mailing list: debian-security-announce@lists.debian.org

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Debian 12 host has a package installed that is affected by a vulnerability as referenced in the dla-4787 advisory.

    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian LTS Advisory DLA-4787-1                debian-lts@lists.debian.org     https://www.debian.org/lts/security/                          Abhijith PA     September 18, 2026                            https://wiki.debian.org/LTS
    - -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : ruby-jwt     Version        : 2.5.0-1+deb12u1     CVE ID         : CVE-2026-45363

    ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token     standard. JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an     attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '',     payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key     precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached     when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty     string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting     HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and     JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!

    For Debian 12 bookworm, this problem has been fixed in version     2.5.0-1+deb12u1.

    We recommend that you upgrade your ruby-jwt packages.

    For the detailed security status of ruby-jwt please refer to     its security tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/ruby-jwt

    Further information about Debian LTS security advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://wiki.debian.org/LTS

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Redhat Enterprise Linux 9 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the RHSA-2026:63386 advisory.

    Red Hat Satellite is a system management solution that allows organizations     to configure and maintain their systems without the necessity to provide     public Internet access to their servers or other client systems. It     performs provisioning and configuration management of predefined standard     operating environments.

    Security Fix(es):

    * python3.12-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: HTTP Request Smuggling via WebSocket Upgrade (CVE-2026-69243)

    * python3.12-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Denial of Service via malformed HTTP responses (CVE-2026-69244)

    * openvox-server: Eclipse Jetty: Information disclosure due to retained HTTP/1.1 trailers across     connections (CVE-2026-10051)

    * openvox-server: jackson-core: Denial of Service via incomplete fix in async JSON parser (CVE-2026-68494)

    * python3.12-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Arbitrary code execution via untrusted input to CookieJar.load()     (CVE-2026-34993)

    * ansible-core: argument injection in ansible-galaxy role install leads to arbitrary code execution     (CVE-2026-11332)

    * puppetserver: jackson-databind: Arbitrary code execution via PolymorphicTypeValidator bypass     (CVE-2026-54512)

    * ansible-core: argument injection in ansible-galaxy collection install via git clone (incomplete fix for     CVE-2026-11332) (CVE-2026-16493)

    * rubygem-jwt: ruby-jwt: Authentication bypass due to empty key in HMAC verification (CVE-2026-45363)

    Bug Fix(es):

    * Satellite 6.17 upgrade, foreman-installer reports errors in /var/log/dnf.rpm.log Selected scenario is     DISABLED, can not continue (SAT-48693)

    * Non-default umask breaks IoP assets directory permissions (SAT-48690)

    * Unable to upgrade to Red Hat Satellite 6.17 as rubygem-foreman_maintain is not getting updated after     running satellite-maintain self-upgrade (SAT-48692)

    * Remove Orphan fails with package_signing_fingerprint cannot be nil error after upgrade to Red Hat     satellite 6.18.2 (SAT-48691)

    * Issue when creating filter in content view using openssl package (SAT-48697)

    * Unable to save bookmark report under Hosts  All Hosts  Compliance  Reports (SAT-49372)

    * Sync memory consumption too high in pathological cases (SAT-46099)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Redhat Enterprise Linux 8 / 9 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the RHSA-2026:63327 advisory.

    Red Hat Satellite is a system management solution that allows organizations     to configure and maintain their systems without the necessity to provide     public Internet access to their servers or other client systems. It     performs provisioning and configuration management of predefined standard     operating environments.

    Security Fix(es):

    * satellite:el8/puppetserver: jackson-databind: Arbitrary code execution via PolymorphicTypeValidator     bypass [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-54512)

    * puppetserver: jackson-databind: Arbitrary code execution via PolymorphicTypeValidator bypass     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-54512)

    * rubygem-jwt: ruby-jwt: Authentication bypass due to empty key in HMAC verification [rhn_satellite_6.16]     (CVE-2026-45363)

    * satellite-capsule:el8/rubygem-jwt: ruby-jwt: Authentication bypass due to empty key in HMAC verification     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-45363)

    * python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Denial of Service via malformed HTTP responses [rhn_satellite_6.16]     (CVE-2026-69244)

    * python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: HTTP Request Smuggling via WebSocket Upgrade [rhn_satellite_6.16]     (CVE-2026-69243)

    * python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Arbitrary code execution via untrusted input to CookieJar.load()     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-34993)

    * satellite:el8/python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Arbitrary code execution via untrusted input to CookieJar.load()     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-34993)

    * satellite-capsule:el8/python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: HTTP Request Smuggling via WebSocket Upgrade     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-69243)

    * satellite-capsule:el8/python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Denial of Service via malformed HTTP responses     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-69244)

    * el8/openvox-server: Eclipse Jetty: Information disclosure due to retained HTTP/1.1 trailers across     connections [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-10051)

    * openvox-server: jackson-core: Denial of Service via incomplete fix in async JSON parser     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-68494)

    * el9/openvox-server: Eclipse Jetty: Information disclosure due to retained HTTP/1.1 trailers across     connections [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-10051)

    * el8/openvox-server: jackson-core: Denial of Service via incomplete fix in async JSON parser     [rhn_satellite_6.16] (CVE-2026-68494)

    Bug Fix(es):

    * Issue when creating filter in content view using openssl package [satellite_6.16]

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Redhat Enterprise Linux 9 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the RHSA-2026:63385 advisory.

    Red Hat Satellite is a system management solution that allows organizations     to configure and maintain their systems without the necessity to provide     public Internet access to their servers or other client systems. It     performs provisioning and configuration management of predefined standard     operating environments.

    Security Fix(es):

    * ansible-core: argument injection in ansible-galaxy role install leads to arbitrary code execution     (CVE-2026-11332)
    * ansible-core: argument injection in ansible-galaxy collection install via git clone (incomplete fix for     CVE-2026-11332) (CVE-2026-16493)
    * openvox-server: jackson-databind: Arbitrary code execution via PolymorphicTypeValidator bypass     (CVE-2026-54512)
    * puppetserver: jackson-databind: Arbitrary code execution via PolymorphicTypeValidator bypass     (CVE-2026-54512)
    * rubygem-jwt: ruby-jwt: Authentication bypass due to empty key in HMAC verification (CVE-2026-45363)
    * python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Denial of Service via malformed HTTP responses (CVE-2026-69244)
    * python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: HTTP Request Smuggling via WebSocket Upgrade (CVE-2026-69243)
    * python-aiohttp: AIOHTTP: Arbitrary code execution via untrusted input to CookieJar.load()     (CVE-2026-34993)
    * openvox-server: jackson-core: Denial of Service via incomplete fix in async JSON parser (CVE-2026-68494)
    * openvox-server: Eclipse Jetty: Information disclosure due to retained HTTP/1.1 trailers across     connections (CVE-2026-10051)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary File Overwrite via improper git option validation     (CVE-2026-73624)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Remote Code Execution via kwarg value smuggling (CVE-2026-73625)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Information disclosure via environment variable expansion in URL handling     (CVE-2026-73622)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Remote Code Execution via malicious Git template (CVE-2026-73623)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary file overwrite and read via unsafe git option forwarding     (CVE-2026-73620)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary code execution via improper validation of clone options     (CVE-2026-42284)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary code execution via improper validation of clone options     (CVE-2026-42284)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary command execution due to bypass of dangerous Git option checks     (CVE-2026-42215)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary command execution due to bypass of dangerous Git option     checks (CVE-2026-42215)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary code execution via injected newlines in Git configuration     (CVE-2026-44244)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary code execution via injected newlines in Git configuration     (CVE-2026-44244)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary file creation via path traversal in .gitmodules submodule names     (CVE-2026-76222)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary file creation via path traversal in .gitmodules submodule     names (CVE-2026-76222)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Remote Code Execution via malicious Git hooks (CVE-2026-76218)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Remote Code Execution via malicious Git hooks (CVE-2026-76218)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary command execution via crafted kwargs (CVE-2026-76220)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary command execution via crafted kwargs (CVE-2026-76220)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary File Overwrite via `git read-tree` option injection     (CVE-2026-76219)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary File Overwrite via `git read-tree` option injection     (CVE-2026-76219)
    * python-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary code execution via config-name injection (CVE-2026-76221)
    * python3.12-gitpython: GitPython: Arbitrary code execution via config-name injection (CVE-2026-76221)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Redhat Enterprise Linux 9 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the RHSA-2026:63387 advisory.

    Red Hat Satellite is a system management solution that allows organizations     to configure and maintain their systems without the necessity to provide     public Internet access to their servers or other client systems. It     performs provisioning and configuration management of predefined standard     operating environments.

    Security Fix(es):

    * jackson-databind: Arbitrary code execution via PolymorphicTypeValidator bypass (CVE-2026-54512)

    * jackson-core: Denial of Service via incomplete fix in async JSON parser (CVE-2026-68494)

    * AIOHTTP: Denial of Service via malformed HTTP responses (CVE-2026-69244)

    * AIOHTTP: Arbitrary code execution via untrusted input to CookieJar.load() (CVE-2026-34993)

    * AIOHTTP: HTTP Request Smuggling via WebSocket Upgrade (CVE-2026-69243)

    * ruby-jwt: Authentication bypass due to empty key in HMAC verification (CVE-2026-45363)

    * Eclipse Jetty: Information disclosure due to retained HTTP/1.1 trailers across connections     (CVE-2026-10051)

    * ansible-core: argument injection in ansible-galaxy role install leads to arbitrary code execution     (CVE-2026-11332)

    * ansible-core: argument injection in ansible-galaxy collection install via git clone (incomplete fix for     CVE-2026-11332) (CVE-2026-16493)

    For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS     score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE     page(s) listed in the References section.

    Bug Fix(es):

    * Upgrades or Updates In Satellite 6.17 Are Causing Issues With evr Column Not Found, Preventing the     Migration Scripts From Running (SAT-42127)

    * Issue when creating filter in content view using openssl package (SAT-45924)

    * Satellite 6.17 upgrade, foreman-installer reports errors in /var/log/dnf.rpm.log Selected scenario is     DISABLED, can not continue (SAT-48680)

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied patch available.

  - ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and     3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because     OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key     precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder:
    argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256,     HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is     fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0. (CVE-2026-45363)

Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.

There are packages installed that are affected by a vulnerability referenced in the following CVE:

  - ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and
    3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because
    OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key
    precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder:
    argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256,
    HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is
    fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0. (CVE-2026-45363)

ID	Name	Product	Family	Type	Severity
363442	Debian dsa-6547 : ruby-jwt - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	Local	critical
348571	Debian dla-4787 : ruby-jwt - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	Local	critical
342776	RHEL 9 : Satellite 6.18.9 Async Update (Important) (RHSA-2026:63386)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	Local	high
342749	RHEL 8 / 9 : Satellite 6.16.13 Async Update (Important) (RHSA-2026:63327)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	Local	high
342743	RHEL 9 : Satellite 6.19.4 Async Update (Important) (RHSA-2026:63385)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	Local	high
342697	RHEL 9 : Satellite 6.17.11 Async Update (Important) (RHSA-2026:63387)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	Local	high
327193	Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2026-45363	Nessus	Misc.	Local	critical
442036	SCA: security update for jwt (GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x)	Tenable Cloud Security	SCA Checks	Local	critical
442036	SCA: security update for jwt (GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x)	Tenable Self-Hosted Container Security	SCA Checks	Local	critical

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