fontconfig before 2.17.1 has an off-by-one error in allocation during sfnt capability handling, leading to a one-byte out-of-bounds write, and potentially a crash or code execution. This is in FcFontCapabilities in fcfreetype.c.
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/fontconfig/fontconfig/-/work_items/481
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/fontconfig/fontconfig/-/merge_requests/446