Microsoft addresses 128 CVEs, including one zero-day vulnerability that was publicly disclosed.

Microsoft’s July 2025 Patch Tuesday Addresses 128 CVEs (CVE-2025-49719)

Improper input validation in SQL Server allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

The version of Tenable Identity Exposure (formerly Tenable.ad) installed on the remote host is prior to 3.77.14. It therefore contains vulnerable versions of third-party components (.NET, SQL Server, and curl). Tenable has upgraded these components to address the potential impact of the issues, including the following:

  - Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests ('HTTP request/response smuggling') in ASP.NET Core allows an     authorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network. (CVE-2025-55315)

  - Use of uninitialized resource in SQL Server allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.     (CVE-2025-49718)

  - A cookie is set using the `secure` keyword for `https://target`. Curl is redirected to or otherwise made to speak     with `http://target` (same hostname, but using clear text HTTP) using the same cookie set. The same cookie name is     set - but with just a slash as path (`path='/'`). Since this site is not secure, the cookie should just be     ignored. A bug in the path comparison logic makes curl read outside a heap buffer boundary. The bug either causes a     crash or it potentially makes the comparison come to the wrong conclusion and lets the clear-text site override the     contents of the secure cookie, contrary to expectations and depending on the memory contents immediately following     the single-byte allocation that holds the path. (CVE-2025-9086)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The Microsoft SQL Server installation on the remote host is missing a security update. It is, therefore, affected by the following vulnerabilities:
  - A remote code execution vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this to bypass authentication and execute     unauthorized arbitrary commands. (CVE-2025-49717)
  - Information disclosure vulnerabilities. An authenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to disclose     sensitive database and file information. (CVE-2025-49718, CVE-2025-49719) Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The Microsoft SQL Server installation on the remote host is missing a security update. It is, therefore, affected by the following vulnerabilities:

  - A remote code execution vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this to bypass authentication and execute     unauthorized arbitrary commands. (CVE-2025-49717)

  - Information disclosure vulnerabilities. An authenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to disclose     sensitive database and file information. (CVE-2025-49718, CVE-2025-49719)

Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Type	Severity
272257	Tenable Identity Exposure < 3.77.14 Multiple Vulnerabilities (TNS-2025-23)	Nessus	Misc.	Combined	critical
241995	Security Updates for Microsoft SQL Server (July 2025) (Remote)	Nessus	Misc.	Remote	high
241544	Security Updates for Microsoft SQL Server (July 2025)	Nessus	Windows : Microsoft Bulletins	Local	high

Detections

Analytics

CVE-2025-49719

high

Tenable Plugins

critical

high

high