An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.
https://blog.talosintelligence.com/libbiosig-grassroot-dicom-smallstep-step-ca-vulnerabilities/
https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2242
https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2242
https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/security/advisories/GHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p