In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: vm_unmap_ram() may be called from an invalid context When testing F2FS with xfstests using UFS backed virtual disks the kernel complains sometimes that f2fs_release_decomp_mem() calls vm_unmap_ram() from an invalid context. Example trace from f2fs/007 test: f2fs/007 5s ... [12:59:38][ 8.902525] run fstests f2fs/007 [ 11.468026] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at mm/vmalloc.c:2978 [ 11.471849] in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 1, non_block: 0, pid: 68, name: irq/22-ufshcd [ 11.475357] preempt_count: 1, expected: 0 [ 11.476970] RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0 [ 11.478531] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 68 Comm: irq/22-ufshcd Tainted: G W 6.16.0-rc5-xfstests-ufs-g40f92e79b0aa #9 PREEMPT(none) [ 11.478535] Tainted: [W]=WARN [ 11.478536] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 11.478537] Call Trace: [ 11.478543] <TASK> [ 11.478545] dump_stack_lvl+0x4e/0x70 [ 11.478554] __might_resched.cold+0xaf/0xbe [ 11.478557] vm_unmap_ram+0x21/0xb0 [ 11.478560] f2fs_release_decomp_mem+0x59/0x80 [ 11.478563] f2fs_free_dic+0x18/0x1a0 [ 11.478565] f2fs_finish_read_bio+0xd7/0x290 [ 11.478570] blk_update_request+0xec/0x3b0 [ 11.478574] ? sbitmap_queue_clear+0x3b/0x60 [ 11.478576] scsi_end_request+0x27/0x1a0 [ 11.478582] scsi_io_completion+0x40/0x300 [ 11.478583] ufshcd_mcq_poll_cqe_lock+0xa3/0xe0 [ 11.478588] ufshcd_sl_intr+0x194/0x1f0 [ 11.478592] ufshcd_threaded_intr+0x68/0xb0 [ 11.478594] ? __pfx_irq_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478599] irq_thread_fn+0x20/0x60 [ 11.478602] ? __pfx_irq_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478603] irq_thread+0xb9/0x180 [ 11.478605] ? __pfx_irq_thread_dtor+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478607] ? __pfx_irq_thread+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478609] kthread+0x10a/0x230 [ 11.478614] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478615] ret_from_fork+0x7e/0xd0 [ 11.478619] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478621] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [ 11.478623] </TASK> This patch modifies in_task() check inside f2fs_read_end_io() to also check if interrupts are disabled. This ensures that pages are unmapped asynchronously in an interrupt handler.

The remote Debian 11 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dla-4328 advisory.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian LTS Advisory DLA-4328-1                debian-lts@lists.debian.org     https://www.debian.org/lts/security/                        Ben Hutchings     October 13, 2025                              https://wiki.debian.org/LTS
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : linux-6.1     Version        : 6.1.153-1     CVE ID         : CVE-2024-36331 CVE-2024-36350 CVE-2024-36357 CVE-2024-36913                      CVE-2024-41013 CVE-2024-47704 CVE-2024-56758 CVE-2024-57883                      CVE-2024-57924 CVE-2024-58240 CVE-2025-21816 CVE-2025-22119                      CVE-2025-23143 CVE-2025-23160 CVE-2025-27558 CVE-2025-37925                      CVE-2025-37931 CVE-2025-37958 CVE-2025-37968 CVE-2025-38000                      CVE-2025-38001 CVE-2025-38003 CVE-2025-38004 CVE-2025-38031                      CVE-2025-38034 CVE-2025-38035 CVE-2025-38037 CVE-2025-38040                      CVE-2025-38043 CVE-2025-38044 CVE-2025-38048 CVE-2025-38051                      CVE-2025-38052 CVE-2025-38058 CVE-2025-38061 CVE-2025-38062                      CVE-2025-38063 CVE-2025-38065 CVE-2025-38066 CVE-2025-38067                      CVE-2025-38068 CVE-2025-38071 CVE-2025-38072 CVE-2025-38074                      CVE-2025-38075 CVE-2025-38077 CVE-2025-38078 CVE-2025-38079                      CVE-2025-38083 CVE-2025-38084 CVE-2025-38085 CVE-2025-38086                      CVE-2025-38088 CVE-2025-38090 CVE-2025-38097 CVE-2025-38100                      CVE-2025-38102 CVE-2025-38103 CVE-2025-38107 CVE-2025-38108                      CVE-2025-38111 CVE-2025-38112 CVE-2025-38113 CVE-2025-38115                      CVE-2025-38118 CVE-2025-38119 CVE-2025-38120 CVE-2025-38122                      CVE-2025-38124 CVE-2025-38126 CVE-2025-38131 CVE-2025-38135                      CVE-2025-38136 CVE-2025-38138 CVE-2025-38142 CVE-2025-38143                      CVE-2025-38145 CVE-2025-38146 CVE-2025-38147 CVE-2025-38148                      CVE-2025-38151 CVE-2025-38153 CVE-2025-38154 CVE-2025-38157                      CVE-2025-38158 CVE-2025-38159 CVE-2025-38160 CVE-2025-38161                      CVE-2025-38163 CVE-2025-38165 CVE-2025-38166 CVE-2025-38167                      CVE-2025-38170 CVE-2025-38173 CVE-2025-38174 CVE-2025-38180                      CVE-2025-38181 CVE-2025-38183 CVE-2025-38184 CVE-2025-38185                      CVE-2025-38190 CVE-2025-38191 CVE-2025-38193 CVE-2025-38194                      CVE-2025-38197 CVE-2025-38198 CVE-2025-38200 CVE-2025-38202                      CVE-2025-38211 CVE-2025-38212 CVE-2025-38214 CVE-2025-38215                      CVE-2025-38218 CVE-2025-38219 CVE-2025-38222 CVE-2025-38225                      CVE-2025-38226 CVE-2025-38227 CVE-2025-38229 CVE-2025-38230                      CVE-2025-38231 CVE-2025-38236 CVE-2025-38239 CVE-2025-38245                      CVE-2025-38249 CVE-2025-38251 CVE-2025-38257 CVE-2025-38259                      CVE-2025-38260 CVE-2025-38262 CVE-2025-38263 CVE-2025-38273                      CVE-2025-38275 CVE-2025-38277 CVE-2025-38280 CVE-2025-38282                      CVE-2025-38285 CVE-2025-38286 CVE-2025-38293 CVE-2025-38298                      CVE-2025-38300 CVE-2025-38304 CVE-2025-38305 CVE-2025-38310                      CVE-2025-38312 CVE-2025-38313 CVE-2025-38319 CVE-2025-38320                      CVE-2025-38322 CVE-2025-38323 CVE-2025-38324 CVE-2025-38326                      CVE-2025-38328 CVE-2025-38331 CVE-2025-38332 CVE-2025-38334                      CVE-2025-38335 CVE-2025-38336 CVE-2025-38337 CVE-2025-38342                      CVE-2025-38344 CVE-2025-38345 CVE-2025-38346 CVE-2025-38347                      CVE-2025-38348 CVE-2025-38350 CVE-2025-38352 CVE-2025-38354                      CVE-2025-38362 CVE-2025-38363 CVE-2025-38364 CVE-2025-38365                      CVE-2025-38371 CVE-2025-38375 CVE-2025-38377 CVE-2025-38382                      CVE-2025-38384 CVE-2025-38385 CVE-2025-38386 CVE-2025-38387                      CVE-2025-38389 CVE-2025-38391 CVE-2025-38393 CVE-2025-38395                      CVE-2025-38396 CVE-2025-38399 CVE-2025-38400 CVE-2025-38401                      CVE-2025-38403 CVE-2025-38404 CVE-2025-38406 CVE-2025-38409                      CVE-2025-38410 CVE-2025-38412 CVE-2025-38415 CVE-2025-38416                      CVE-2025-38418 CVE-2025-38419 CVE-2025-38420 CVE-2025-38422                      CVE-2025-38424 CVE-2025-38425 CVE-2025-38428 CVE-2025-38430                      CVE-2025-38437 CVE-2025-38439 CVE-2025-38441 CVE-2025-38443                      CVE-2025-38444 CVE-2025-38445 CVE-2025-38448 CVE-2025-38451                      CVE-2025-38455 CVE-2025-38456 CVE-2025-38457 CVE-2025-38458                      CVE-2025-38459 CVE-2025-38460 CVE-2025-38461 CVE-2025-38462                      CVE-2025-38464 CVE-2025-38465 CVE-2025-38466 CVE-2025-38467                      CVE-2025-38468 CVE-2025-38470 CVE-2025-38471 CVE-2025-38472                      CVE-2025-38473 CVE-2025-38474 CVE-2025-38476 CVE-2025-38477                      CVE-2025-38478 CVE-2025-38480 CVE-2025-38481 CVE-2025-38482                      CVE-2025-38483 CVE-2025-38485 CVE-2025-38487 CVE-2025-38488                      CVE-2025-38491 CVE-2025-38494 CVE-2025-38495 CVE-2025-38497                      CVE-2025-38498 CVE-2025-38499 CVE-2025-38500 CVE-2025-38501                      CVE-2025-38502 CVE-2025-38503 CVE-2025-38510 CVE-2025-38512                      CVE-2025-38513 CVE-2025-38514 CVE-2025-38515 CVE-2025-38516                      CVE-2025-38520 CVE-2025-38527 CVE-2025-38528 CVE-2025-38529                      CVE-2025-38530 CVE-2025-38535 CVE-2025-38538 CVE-2025-38539                      CVE-2025-38540 CVE-2025-38542 CVE-2025-38543 CVE-2025-38546                      CVE-2025-38548 CVE-2025-38550 CVE-2025-38552 CVE-2025-38553                      CVE-2025-38555 CVE-2025-38560 CVE-2025-38561 CVE-2025-38562                      CVE-2025-38563 CVE-2025-38565 CVE-2025-38569 CVE-2025-38572                      CVE-2025-38574 CVE-2025-38576 CVE-2025-38577 CVE-2025-38578                      CVE-2025-38579 CVE-2025-38581 CVE-2025-38583 CVE-2025-38587                      CVE-2025-38588 CVE-2025-38601 CVE-2025-38602 CVE-2025-38604                      CVE-2025-38608 CVE-2025-38609 CVE-2025-38610 CVE-2025-38612                      CVE-2025-38614 CVE-2025-38617 CVE-2025-38618 CVE-2025-38622                      CVE-2025-38623 CVE-2025-38624 CVE-2025-38630 CVE-2025-38634                      CVE-2025-38635 CVE-2025-38639 CVE-2025-38644 CVE-2025-38645                      CVE-2025-38650 CVE-2025-38652 CVE-2025-38653 CVE-2025-38663                      CVE-2025-38664 CVE-2025-38665 CVE-2025-38666 CVE-2025-38668                      CVE-2025-38670 CVE-2025-38671 CVE-2025-38676 CVE-2025-38677                      CVE-2025-38679 CVE-2025-38680 CVE-2025-38681 CVE-2025-38683                      CVE-2025-38684 CVE-2025-38685 CVE-2025-38687 CVE-2025-38691                      CVE-2025-38693 CVE-2025-38694 CVE-2025-38695 CVE-2025-38696                      CVE-2025-38697 CVE-2025-38698 CVE-2025-38699 CVE-2025-38700                      CVE-2025-38701 CVE-2025-38702 CVE-2025-38706 CVE-2025-38707                      CVE-2025-38708 CVE-2025-38711 CVE-2025-38712 CVE-2025-38713                      CVE-2025-38714 CVE-2025-38715 CVE-2025-38721 CVE-2025-38723                      CVE-2025-38724 CVE-2025-38725 CVE-2025-38727 CVE-2025-38728                      CVE-2025-38729 CVE-2025-38732 CVE-2025-38735 CVE-2025-38736                      CVE-2025-39673 CVE-2025-39675 CVE-2025-39676 CVE-2025-39681                      CVE-2025-39682 CVE-2025-39683 CVE-2025-39684 CVE-2025-39685                      CVE-2025-39686 CVE-2025-39687 CVE-2025-39689 CVE-2025-39691                      CVE-2025-39692 CVE-2025-39693 CVE-2025-39694 CVE-2025-39697                      CVE-2025-39701 CVE-2025-39702 CVE-2025-39703 CVE-2025-39706                      CVE-2025-39709 CVE-2025-39710 CVE-2025-39713 CVE-2025-39714                      CVE-2025-39715 CVE-2025-39716 CVE-2025-39718 CVE-2025-39719                      CVE-2025-39724 CVE-2025-39730 CVE-2025-39731 CVE-2025-39734                      CVE-2025-39736 CVE-2025-39737 CVE-2025-39738 CVE-2025-39742                      CVE-2025-39743 CVE-2025-39749 CVE-2025-39752 CVE-2025-39756                      CVE-2025-39757 CVE-2025-39759 CVE-2025-39760 CVE-2025-39766                      CVE-2025-39770 CVE-2025-39772 CVE-2025-39773 CVE-2025-39776                      CVE-2025-39782 CVE-2025-39783 CVE-2025-39787 CVE-2025-39788                      CVE-2025-39790 CVE-2025-39794 CVE-2025-39795 CVE-2025-39798                      CVE-2025-39800 CVE-2025-39801 CVE-2025-39806 CVE-2025-39808                      CVE-2025-39812 CVE-2025-39813 CVE-2025-39817 CVE-2025-39819                      CVE-2025-39823 CVE-2025-39824 CVE-2025-39825 CVE-2025-39826                      CVE-2025-39827 CVE-2025-39828 CVE-2025-39835 CVE-2025-39838                      CVE-2025-39839 CVE-2025-39841 CVE-2025-39842 CVE-2025-39843                      CVE-2025-39844 CVE-2025-39845 CVE-2025-39846 CVE-2025-39847                      CVE-2025-39848 CVE-2025-39849 CVE-2025-39853 CVE-2025-39857                      CVE-2025-39860 CVE-2025-39864 CVE-2025-39865 CVE-2025-39866                      CVE-2025-39869 CVE-2025-39870 CVE-2025-39873 CVE-2025-39876                      CVE-2025-39877 CVE-2025-39880 CVE-2025-39881 CVE-2025-39883                      CVE-2025-39885 CVE-2025-39891 CVE-2025-39894 CVE-2025-39898                      CVE-2025-39902 CVE-2025-39907 CVE-2025-39909 CVE-2025-39911                      CVE-2025-39913 CVE-2025-39914 CVE-2025-39916 CVE-2025-39920                      CVE-2025-39923 CVE-2025-40300     Debian Bug     : 1040901 1107479 1107511 1108065 1108069 1108271 1108430                      1109734 1111017 1114773

    Several vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Linux kernel that     may lead to a privilege escalation, denial of service or information     leaks.

    For Debian 11 bullseye, these problems have been fixed in version     6.1.153-1~deb11u1.  Starting with this version, modules are signed     with an ephemeral key on all architectures, and the broken pktcdvd     driver is disabled.  This version additionally includes many more bug     fixes from stable updates 6.1.141-6.1.153.

    We recommend that you upgrade your linux-6.1 packages.

    For the detailed security status of linux-6.1 please refer to     its security tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/linux-6.1

    Further information about Debian LTS security advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://wiki.debian.org/LTS     Attachment:
    signature.asc     Description: PGP signature

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied patch available.

  - f2fs: vm_unmap_ram() may be called from an invalid context When testing F2FS with xfstests using UFS     backed virtual disks the kernel complains sometimes that f2fs_release_decomp_mem() calls vm_unmap_ram()     from an invalid context. Example trace from f2fs/007 test: f2fs/007 5s ... [12:59:38][ 8.902525] run     fstests f2fs/007 [ 11.468026] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at mm/vmalloc.c:2978 [     11.471849] in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 1, non_block: 0, pid: 68, name: irq/22-ufshcd [ 11.475357]     preempt_count: 1, expected: 0 [ 11.476970] RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0 [ 11.478531] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID:
    68 Comm: irq/22-ufshcd Tainted: G W 6.16.0-rc5-xfstests-ufs-g40f92e79b0aa #9 PREEMPT(none) [ 11.478535]     Tainted: [W]=WARN [ 11.478536] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS     1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 11.478537] Call Trace: [ 11.478543] <TASK> [ 11.478545]     dump_stack_lvl+0x4e/0x70 [ 11.478554] __might_resched.cold+0xaf/0xbe [ 11.478557] vm_unmap_ram+0x21/0xb0 [     11.478560] f2fs_release_decomp_mem+0x59/0x80 [ 11.478563] f2fs_free_dic+0x18/0x1a0 [ 11.478565]     f2fs_finish_read_bio+0xd7/0x290 [ 11.478570] blk_update_request+0xec/0x3b0 [ 11.478574] ?     sbitmap_queue_clear+0x3b/0x60 [ 11.478576] scsi_end_request+0x27/0x1a0 [ 11.478582]     scsi_io_completion+0x40/0x300 [ 11.478583] ufshcd_mcq_poll_cqe_lock+0xa3/0xe0 [ 11.478588]     ufshcd_sl_intr+0x194/0x1f0 [ 11.478592] ufshcd_threaded_intr+0x68/0xb0 [ 11.478594] ?
    __pfx_irq_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478599] irq_thread_fn+0x20/0x60 [ 11.478602] ?
    __pfx_irq_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478603] irq_thread+0xb9/0x180 [ 11.478605] ?
    __pfx_irq_thread_dtor+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478607] ? __pfx_irq_thread+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478609] kthread+0x10a/0x230     [ 11.478614] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478615] ret_from_fork+0x7e/0xd0 [ 11.478619] ?
    __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 11.478621] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [ 11.478623] </TASK> This patch modifies     in_task() check inside f2fs_read_end_io() to also check if interrupts are disabled. This ensures that     pages are unmapped asynchronously in an interrupt handler. (CVE-2025-39731)

Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.

An update of the linux package has been released.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Severity
270134	Debian dla-4328 : linux-config-6.1 - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	high
264332	Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2025-39731	Nessus	Misc.	medium
261144	Photon OS 5.0: Linux PHSA-2025-5.0-0610	Nessus	PhotonOS Local Security Checks	high

Detections

Analytics

CVE-2025-39731

medium

Tenable Plugins

high

medium

high