In onCommand of ActivityManagerShellCommand.java, there is a possible arbitrary activity launch due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-09-01
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/0fb2788dac393086b7e53fbe05414368ae395d9b