In multiple functions of VpnManager.java, there is a possible cross-user data leak due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-05-01
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/1b4ee554c8234d1ac16105c92fee2ea0803b8a39