A downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.1. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/121570
https://support.apple.com/en-us/121568
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Oct/13