The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.4, macOS Ventura 13.6.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214085
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214084
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214083
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214085
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214084
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214083
https://support.apple.com/en-us/120895
https://support.apple.com/en-us/120886
https://support.apple.com/en-us/120884
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/23