LLVM 15.0.0 has a NULL pointer dereference in the parseOneMetadata() function via a crafted pdflatex.fmt file (or perhaps a crafted .o file) to llvm-lto. NOTE: this is disputed because the relationship between pdflatex.fmt and any LLVM language front end is not explained, and because a crash of the llvm-lto application should be categorized as a usability problem.
https://llvm.org/docs/Security.html
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/67388
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jan/66
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176820/llvm-LLVM-15-Null-Pointer.html