In the Linux kernel through 6.3.1, a use-after-free in Netfilter nf_tables when processing batch requests can be abused to perform arbitrary read and write operations on kernel memory. Unprivileged local users can obtain root privileges. This occurs because anonymous sets are mishandled.
https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/05/08/4
https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5402
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230616-0002/
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00030.html
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/06/msg00008.html
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2196105
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/05/15/5
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173087/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0095-1.html
https://securelist.com/vulnerabilities-and-exploits-in-q2-2026/121091/
https://securelist.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities-q3-2024/114839/
https://github.com/Destawell/gemini-2.5-pro-nf-tables-red-teamin
https://github.com/Destawell/gemini-2.5-pro-nf-tables-red-teaming
https://github.com/Su1ph3r/Cepheus
https://github.com/PuddinCat/GithubRepoSpider
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35879660
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c1592a89942e9678f7d9c8030efa777c0d57edab