On Ubuntu kernels carrying both c914c0e27eb0 and "UBUNTU: SAUCE: overlayfs: Skip permission checking for trusted.overlayfs.* xattrs", an unprivileged user may set privileged extended attributes on the mounted files, leading them to be set on the upper files without the appropriate security checks.
https://medium.com/@jlw1291/analytics-htb-write-up-eb5b1e5758a2?source=rss------vulnerability-5
https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-6250-1
https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kernel-team/2023-July/140923.html
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-2640