The verify function in the Stark Bank Python ECDSA library (aka starkbank-escada or ecdsa-python) before 2.0.1 fails to check that the signature is non-zero, which allows attackers to forge signatures on arbitrary messages.
https://github.com/starkbank/ecdsa-python/releases/tag/v2.0.1
https://github.com/starkbank/ecdsa-python/commit/d136170666e9510eb63c2572551805807bd4c17f
https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/11/08/technical-advisory-arbitrary-signature-forgery-in-stark-bank-ecdsa-libraries/
Source: Mitre, NVD
Published: 2021-11-09
Updated: 2026-06-17
Base Score: 7.5
Vector: CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
Severity: High
Base Score: 9.8
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Severity: Critical
EPSS: 0.00229