When decoding data out of a dataset encoded with the H5Z_NBIT decoding, the HDF5 1.8.16 library will fail to ensure that the precision is within the bounds of the size leading to arbitrary code execution.
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-13
https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2016-5331
http://www.talosintelligence.com/reports/TALOS-2016-0177/