xml_security.rb in the ruby-saml gem before 1.0.0 for Ruby allows XPath injection and code execution because prepared statements are not used.
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0003/
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/OSVDB-124991.yml
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/pull/225
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/compare/v0.9.2...v1.0.0
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/9853651b96b99653ea8627d757d46bfe62ab6448