Information
If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by PostgreSQL must include date and time. Time is commonly expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or local time with an offset from UTC.
Solution
Note: The following instructions use the PGDATA and PGVER environment variables. See supplementary content APPENDIX-F for instructions on configuring PGDATA and APPENDIX-H for PGVER.
To change log_timezone in postgresql.conf to use a different time zone for logs, as the database administrator (shown here as 'postgres'), run the following:
$ sudo su - postgres
$ vi ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf
log_timezone='UTC'
Next, restart the database:
# SYSTEMD SERVER ONLY
$ sudo systemctl reload postgresql-${PGVER?}
# INITD SERVER ONLY
$ sudo service postgresql-${PGVER?} reload