CVE-2023-54404

high

Description

Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions.

References

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation

https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475

https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872

https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-60702

Details

Source: Mitre, NVD

Published: 2026-10-01

Updated: 2026-10-02

Risk Information

CVSS v2

Base Score: 7.8

Vector: CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C

Severity: High

CVSS v3

Base Score: 7.5

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Severity: High

CVSS v4

Base Score: 8.2

Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Severity: High

EPSS

EPSS: 0.00339