Information
ESXi hosts come with SSH, which can be enabled to allow remote access without requiring user authentication. To enable password-free access, copy the remote user's public key into the '/etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys' file on the ESXi host.
The presence of the remote user's public key in the 'authorized_keys' file identifies the user as trusted, meaning the user is granted access to the host without providing a password.
If using Lockdown Mode and SSH is disabled, then logon with authorized keys will have the same restrictions as username/password.
Solution
From an SSH session connected to the ESXi host, or from the ESXi shell, zero out or remove the /etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys file:
# >/etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys
or
# rm /etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys