When logging to Syslog and syslog_sequence_numbers is on, then each message will be prefixed by an increasing sequence number (such as [2]). Many modern Syslog implementations perform a log optimization and suppress repeated log entries while emitting " --- last message repeated N times --- ". In more modern Syslog implementations, repeated message suppression can be configured (for example, $RepeatedMsgReduction in rsyslog ).
Solution
Execute the following SQL statement(s) to remediate this setting: postgres=# alter system set syslog_sequence_numbers = 'on'; ALTER SYSTEM postgres=# select pg_reload_conf(); pg_reload_conf ---------------- t (1 row) Impact: If disabled, messages sent to Syslog could be suppressed and not logged. While a message is emitted stating that a given message was repeated and suppressed, the timestamp associated with these suppressed messages is lost, potentially damaging the recreation of an incident timeline.